Chromatography is an analytical technique which is used to separate the components of a mixture. It is used in laboratory for separation, identification and also estimation of substances present in a complex mixture. The method was first developed by Russian botanist Mikhail Tsvet for separation of plant pigments. In chromatography, there are two phases. One … Read more
Microbiology laboratories require well-built rooms that are equipped with tools, glassware and equipment. Test tubes, culture tubes, Petri dishes and Erlenmeyer flasks are the most important types of glassware in a microbiological lab. 1. Test tube Test tube is a common laboratory apparatus used for holding, mixing and heating small amount of chemicals. It is … Read more
McIntosh and Fildes’ Anaerobic Jar is a laboratory apparatus used for cultivation of strict anaerobic microorganisms. These microorganisms cannot grow in presence of oxygen. So, this jar is used to provide oxygen free condition for their growth. It was introduced in 1916 by James McIntosh, Paul Fildes and William Bulloch. The jar is usually a … Read more
Glass Bulb Pipette is a glass laboratory instrument used for measuring and transferring a definite volume of liquid. It is also known as volumetric pipette or belly pipette. It is used where accurate measurement of liquid is required. It has a bulb like part at the middle. This bulb holds the liquid inside it. The … Read more
GasPak Anaerobic System is a self-contained airtight apparatus that is used in microbiology laboratory for cultivation of strict anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria cannot grow in presence of oxygen and need oxygen free condition for their survival and growth. The system contains a sealed jar or container in which culture plates are kept with a gas … Read more
Differential centrifugation is a simple technique used for separation of cell organelles and other sub-cellular particles from a mixture. It is also called differential pelleting or differential velocity centrifugation. It separates the particles mainly according to their size and density. The larger and heavier particles settle first, while smaller particles remain in the liquid part. … Read more
Autoclave bag is a specialized single-use flexible container that is used to hold biohazardous waste, medical equipment and laboratory materials during steam sterilization process. It is made up of temperature-tolerant and puncture-resistant plastic materials like high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyamide or virgin polypropylene. These materials allow the bag to withstand high temperature of autoclave without melting … Read more
Density gradient centrifugation is a mechanical separation technique used to separate and concentrate particles present in a liquid medium. It is carried out by using centrifugal force and a density gradient medium in a centrifuge tube. In this method, the sample is placed in a tube containing fluid whose density gradually increases from top to … Read more
Laminar flow hood or cabinet is a specialized enclosed laboratory workstation which is used to create a sterile and contamination free working area. It is also known as clean bench. It protects the sample and product from dust, bacteria, fungal spores and other airborne particles. It works by drawing the room air inside the cabinet … Read more
Dark field microscopy is a special illumination technique used in light microscope to increase contrast of transparent, unstained or low contrast specimens. The specimen looks bright, and the background looks dark or almost black. It is useful when normal bright background observation is not giving clear contrast. It is done by using a modified condenser … Read more
