Industrial microbiology notes covering fermentation, microbial production, strain improvement, bioreactors, downstream processing, industrial enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, biofuels, and microbial biotechnology.
What is Production Media? Production media is the nutrient-rich medium used to support the large-scale growth of microorganisms or cell cultures for the purpose of producing useful biological substances. It is designed in such a way that optimum growth conditions is maintained, and the metabolic activities of the organisms is supported for yielding products like … Read more
Industrial microbiology is the use of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeast for producing useful materials on a large scale. It is the process where these microbes are grown under controlled conditions so that they can convert raw materials into different products. It is the process mainly linked with fermentation and other bioconversion methods, and … Read more
Principles to maintain active tarter culture The preparation of cultures depends on a number of variables: 1. The choice of milk 2. Heat treatment of milk 3. Containers/Utensils 4. Amount of inoculum 5. Aseptic culture transfer 6. Time of inoculation 7. Cooling Preparation of mother culture The preparation of the mother culture is a crucial … Read more
Yeasts are eukaryotic, unicellular microorganisms that belong to the kingdom of fungi. The first yeast appeared hundreds of millions of years ago, and there are approximately 1,500 known kinds. Yeasts are unicellular organisms that developed from multicellular predecessors, with certain species able to acquire multicellular traits by generating pseudohyphae, which are strings of connected budding … Read more
What is an Industrial centrifuge? An industrial centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate or purify materials. Centrifuges work by spinning a sample at high speeds, using gravitational force to separate the components of the sample based on their density, size, or shape. Industrial centrifuges can be used for a wide range … Read more
Types of Wine Depending on the type of grape, yeast strain, fermentation process, etc., there are a variety of wines. There are so many differences amongst them that it becomes impossible to classify them accurately. However, the following are notable wine varieties: 1. Red wines 2. Dry wines 3. Sweet wines 4. Sparkling wines 5. … Read more
What Are Enzymes? Structure of Enzyme Enzymes Classification Historically, enzymes were given names based on their discoverer. With additional study, classification grew more exhaustive. The International Union of Biochemists (IUB) classifies enzymes into six functional classes based on the sort of reaction they catalyse. Hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases, and isomerases are the six types … Read more
Lactic acid bacteria Genera Leuconostocs Genera Streptococcus Genera Lactobacillus Genera Lactococcus Metabolic activity of lactic acid bacteria
Many variables can affect the fermentation process of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters, including temperature, pH, strain capability, growth medium, inhibitors, bacteriophage, incubation period, heat treatment of milk, etc. To achieve the best activity of lactic acid bacteria during the manufacturing of fermented milks, caution is required. The following parameters significantly affect the growth and … Read more
Dr. K. Ikeda, a Japanese scientist, extracted glutamic acid from kelp, a marine alga, by means of acid hydrolysis and separation in 1908. In addition, he observed that when glutamic acid was neutralised with caustic soda, it acquired a totally new, exquisite flavour. This marked the beginning of using monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a flavour … Read more
