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• Bacteriology
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Microbial Growth and Control

This course explores the fundamental principles of microbial growth and nutrition, as well as methods for controlling microbial populations. Students will learn about the nutritional requirements of bacteria, various types of culture media, and physical and chemical methods for controlling microbial growth. This course is ideal for students in microbiology, biology, and related fields who … Read more

Number of Topics: 2

Introduction to Microscopy

Explore the world of microscopy with our comprehensive course, “Introduction to Microscopy.” Over six hours, you’ll gain hands-on experience with various microscopy techniques including Bright Field, Dark Field, Phase Contrast, Fluorescence, Transmission Electron, and Scanning Electron Microscopes. This course is designed to provide a solid foundation in microscopy principles, operation, and applications, making it ideal … Read more

Number of Topics: 2

Bacteriological Techniques

This 5-hour course covers the fundamental techniques used in bacteriology to isolate, cultivate, and maintain pure cultures of bacteria. Students will learn streaking, serial dilution, and plating methods, as well as specialized techniques for cultivating anaerobic and non-culturable bacteria. The course emphasizes hands-on practice and demonstration of these essential skills, providing a solid foundation for … Read more

Number of Topics: 3

Cell Organization

This 14-hour course delves into the intricate world of microbial cell organization, exploring the structural and functional components that enable microorganisms to thrive. Students will learn about the diverse range of cell shapes, sizes, and arrangements, as well as the composition and function of cell walls, membranes, and cytoplasmic components. Additionally, the course covers the … Read more

Number of Topics: 7

Genetics and Plant Breeding – Discipline Centric Elective Botany

This course offers an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles of genetics and their application in plant breeding. It is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of heredity, genetic variation, and the techniques used to improve crop plants. Through lectures and practical sessions, students will gain insights into Mendelian genetics, chromosomal behavior, mutation … Read more

Number of Topics: 9

Economic Botany – Discipline Specific Elective Botany

This course in Economic Botany focuses on the economic importance of various plants and their role in human life. Through this course, students will gain an understanding of the origins, uses, and characteristics of several economically significant plant groups. The theoretical component is designed to provide in-depth knowledge about the diverse plant species and their … Read more

Number of Topics: 8

Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate)

This course provides a comprehensive overview of the biodiversity within the domains of microbes, algae, fungi, and archegoniate plants. It explores the fundamental characteristics, classification, and ecological significance of these organisms. Emphasis is placed on their structure, reproduction, and economic importance, equipping students with a foundational understanding of these vital components of the biosphere.

Number of Topics: 7

Plant Physiology and Metabolism

This course offers a comprehensive exploration into the physiological processes and metabolic pathways fundamental to plant life. Designed for advanced undergraduate or graduate students in plant sciences, this course integrates theoretical knowledge with practical applications to deepen understanding of plant functions and interactions with their environment. Key Areas of Study: Plant-Water Relations: Explore the critical … Read more

Number of Topics: 9

Diversity of Microbial world

Diversity of Microbial world Explore the vast and fascinating realm of microorganisms in this comprehensive 40-hour course. Delve into the systems of classification that help us understand the relationships between different microbial groups. Discover the unique characteristics, structures, and life cycles of acellular microorganisms like viruses, viroids, and prions, as well as cellular microorganisms including … Read more

Number of Topics: 11

History of Development of Microbiology

Exploring the Foundations of Microbiology This 15-hour course delves into the fascinating history of microbiology, from its early beginnings to the groundbreaking discoveries that shaped the field. Students will learn about the pioneering scientists who challenged conventional wisdom, developed innovative techniques, and uncovered the crucial roles of microorganisms in fermentation, disease, and the environment. By … Read more

Number of Topics: 8

Microbial Growth and Control

This course explores the fundamental principles of microbial growth and nutrition, as well as methods for controlling microbial populations. Students will learn about the nutritional requirements of bacteria, various types of culture media, and physical and chemical methods for controlling microbial growth. This course is ideal for students in microbiology, biology, and related fields who … Read more

Number of Topics: 2

Introduction to Microscopy

Explore the world of microscopy with our comprehensive course, “Introduction to Microscopy.” Over six hours, you’ll gain hands-on experience with various microscopy techniques including Bright Field, Dark Field, Phase Contrast, Fluorescence, Transmission Electron, and Scanning Electron Microscopes. This course is designed to provide a solid foundation in microscopy principles, operation, and applications, making it ideal … Read more

Number of Topics: 2

Bacteriological Techniques

This 5-hour course covers the fundamental techniques used in bacteriology to isolate, cultivate, and maintain pure cultures of bacteria. Students will learn streaking, serial dilution, and plating methods, as well as specialized techniques for cultivating anaerobic and non-culturable bacteria. The course emphasizes hands-on practice and demonstration of these essential skills, providing a solid foundation for … Read more

Number of Topics: 3

Cell Organization

This 14-hour course delves into the intricate world of microbial cell organization, exploring the structural and functional components that enable microorganisms to thrive. Students will learn about the diverse range of cell shapes, sizes, and arrangements, as well as the composition and function of cell walls, membranes, and cytoplasmic components. Additionally, the course covers the … Read more

Number of Topics: 7

Latest Notes

• Pseudomonas putida – Habitat, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Treatment
  by Sourav
  November 20, 2024
  What is Pseudomonas putida? Scientific classification of Pseudomonas putida Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Pseudomonadota Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Pseudomonadales Family: Pseudomonadaceae Genus: ... Read more
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa – Habitat, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Treatment
  by Sourav
  November 20, 2024
  What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa? Scientific classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Pseudomonadota Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Pseudomonadales Family: Pseudomonadaceae Genus: ... Read more
• Helicobacter pylori – Definition, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Treatment
  by Sourav
  November 20, 2024
  What is Helicobacter pylori? Scientific classification of Helicobacter pylori Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Campylobacterota Class: “Campylobacteria” Order: Campylobacterales Family: Helicobacteraceae Genus: ... Read more
• Vibrio cholerae Food Poisoning – Cholera toxin (CT)
  by Sourav
  November 20, 2024
  What is Vibrio cholerae? Geographical Distribution and Habitat of Cholera Cholera is a global health issue, primarily affecting parts of ... Read more
• Shigella – Morphology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment
  by Sourav
  November 20, 2024
  What is Shigella? Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is non-motile and non-spore-forming. It belongs ... Read more
• Salmonella – Morphology, Antigenic structure, Cultural and Biochemical Characteristics
  by Sourav
  November 20, 2024
  What is Genus Salmonella? Scientific classification Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Pseudomonadota Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Enterobacterales Family: Enterobacteriaceae Genus: Salmonella History of Salmonella ... Read more
• Nonsporing anaerobes – Definition, Classification, Examples, Diagnosis
  by Sourav
  November 19, 2024
  What are Nonsporing anaerobes? Classification of Non-Sporing Anaerobes Non-sporing anaerobes are microorganisms that thrive without the need for oxygen and ... Read more
• Corynebacterium diphtheriae – Morphology, Pathogenesis, treatment
  by Sourav
  November 19, 2024
  What is Corynebacterium diphtheriae? Scientific classification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Actinomycetota Class: Actinomycetia Order: Mycobacteriales Family: Corynebacteriaceae Genus: ... Read more
• Streptococcus pyogenes – Morphology, Pathogenesis, Treatment
  by Sourav
  November 19, 2024
  What is Streptococcus pyogenes? Classification of Streptococcus Streptococcus species are diverse bacteria that are classified based on their oxygen requirements, ... Read more
• Neisseria meningitidis – Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention
  by Sourav
  November 13, 2024
  What is Neisseria meningitidis? Geographical Distribution of Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis, the bacteria responsible for meningococcal disease, is a global ... Read more

Questions and Answers

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• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modifying crops, including soya, maize and rice
  Genetically modified (GM) crops, such as soybeans, maize, and rice,
  Sourav
• Outline the process of genetic modification using bacterial production of a human protein as an example, limited to: (a) isolation of the DNA making up a human gene using restriction enzymes, forming sticky ends (b) cutting of bacterial plasmid DNA with the same restriction enzymes, forming complementary sticky ends (c) insertion of human DNA into bacterial plasmid DNA using DNA ligase to form a recombinant plasmid (d) insertion of recombinant plasmids into bacteria (specific details are not required) (e) multiplication of bacteria containing recombinant plasmids (f) expression in bacteria of the human gene to make the human protein
  <h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Process of Genetic Modification Using Bacterial
  Sourav
• Outline examples of genetic modification: (a) the insertion of human genes into bacteria to produce human proteins (b) the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to herbicides (c) the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to insect pests (d) the insertion of genes into crop plants to improve nutritional qualities
  <h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Examples of Genetic Modification</h2> Genetic modification involves
  Sourav
• Describe genetic modification as changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes
  Genetic modification (GM) refers to the deliberate alteration of an
  Sourav
• Describe and explain the conditions that need to be controlled in a fermenter, including: temperature, pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products
  <h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Conditions to Control in a Fermenter</h2> Fermenters
  Sourav
• Describe how fermenters can be used for the large-scale production of useful products by bacteria and fungi, including insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein
  <h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">The Use of Fermenters for Large-Scale
  Sourav
• Explain the use of lactase to produce lactosefree milk
  <h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">The Use of Lactase to Produce
  Sourav
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