Plant Physiology and Metabolism

Water absorption is a critical physiological process in plants, essential for their growth and various metabolic activities. In lower plants, such as algae and mosses, water absorption occurs across the entire plant surface through the process of osmosis. However, in higher plants, this function is specialized and occurs primarily through the root hairs. The primary … Read more

What is Plant growth regulator? Types of Plant Growth There are several distinct types of plant growth, each characterized by specific processes and outcomes. These growth types define how plants develop in size, form, and function throughout their life cycle. Below is a detailed breakdown of the main types of plant growth: Factors Affecting Plant … Read more

What is Photomorphogenesis? Definition of Photomorphogenesis Photomorphogenesis is the process by which plants use light as a signal to regulate growth and development, influencing stages such as seed germination, seedling growth, and flowering. Photoreceptors and Photomorphogenesis Photomorphogenesis in plants is regulated by specialized light-sensitive molecules known as photoreceptors. These photoreceptors are crucial for interpreting light signals … Read more

What is Vernalization? Definition of Vernalization Vernalization is the process by which exposure to prolonged cold temperatures induces flowering in plants, ensuring they bloom in favorable conditions, typically after winter. Types of Vernalization Vernalization can be categorized into two primary types, each influencing flowering in distinct ways: Mechanism of Vernalization  Vernalization involves a series of … Read more

What is Photoperiodism? Classification of plants based on Photoperiodism Plants are classified into several categories based on their response to the length of light and dark periods. These categories reflect how different species time their flowering and growth in accordance with seasonal day-length variations. The primary classifications include: Photoperiodic Induction Photoperiodic induction refers to the … Read more

What is Phytochrome? Structure of Phytochrome Phytochrome is a complex protein pigment that plays a crucial role in plant photoreception and signaling. Here are the key aspects of its structure: Types of Phytochrome Phytochromes are classified into different types based on their genetic encoding and functional roles in plants. The main types of phytochrome include: … Read more

Translocation in phloem refers to the process by which photoassimilates, primarily sugars, are transported over long distances within plants. This vital function occurs within the phloem, a type of vascular tissue responsible for distributing the products of photosynthesis from the sites of production to various sinks throughout the plant. The primary photosynthate transported by phloem … Read more

The transport of ions across the cell membrane is a fundamental process necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The plasma membrane, acting as a selectively permeable barrier, allows certain substances to enter or leave the cell, ensuring proper balance between the intracellular and extracellular environments. This selectivity is crucial for the regulation of essential molecules such … Read more

What is Mineral Nutrition? Criteria for Essential Minerals in Plants The following points outline the criteria used to determine the essentiality of an element: Criteria for Determining Essential Elements Types of Essential Nutrients Below are the primary types of essential nutrients: Essential Mineral Elements in Plants Below is a detailed explanation of these categories and … Read more

What is Transpiration? Types of Transpiration Transpiration in plants occurs through several distinct pathways, each playing a specific role in water movement and evaporation. These pathways are classified into four primary types: stomatal, cuticular, lenticular, and bark transpiration. Factors affecting Transpiration Transpiration is influenced by a variety of factors that can be classified into two … Read more