Virology

What is a Retrovirus? Definition of Retrovirus A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that replicates by converting its RNA genome into DNA through the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This DNA is then integrated into the host cell’s genome, where it directs the production of new viral particles. Retroviruses are associated with various diseases, including … Read more

Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are highly host-adapted viruses that can cause a variety of diseases in human hosts. (a) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and (b) herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) are the two forms of HSVs (HSV-2). Both types share DNA homology, antigenic determinants, tissue tropism, and illness symptoms, but their epidemiology … Read more

What is Influenza Virus? Classification of Influenza Virus Influenza viruses are often classified into three species: influenza A, influenza B, and influenza C. Only types A and B are relevant to human health. Despite the fact that both viruses are capable of infecting humans, genus A often causes widespread disease and epidemics. Influenza A Virus … Read more

Polio Virus Structure of Polio Virus In summary, the poliovirus is a small, simple virus that contains a naked RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell. The capsid is composed of four structural proteins that form the basic building blocks of the capsid. The virus does not have a lipid envelope and is insensitive to … Read more

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus Structure of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus Genome of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus Transmission of disease Replication of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus Signs and symptoms of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection that can cause inflammation of the brain. Symptoms of JE virus infection can range from mild … Read more

Varicella zoster virus Varicella, also known as chickenpox, is an infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox (typically primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (after reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox causes a rash consisting of small, itchy lesions that scab over. It begins on the chest, … Read more

Coronavirus Characteristics of COVID-19 Structure of Coronavirus Genome of Coronavirus Epidemiology of Coronavirus The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The virus was identified for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since spread worldwide, resulting in a pandemic. Here are some essential aspects of the epidemiology of COVID-19: Replication of Coronavirus … Read more

What are foodborne viruses? Foodborne viruses are those that can be contracted by eating or drinking contaminated food or water. They can withstand extremes in temperature and humidity as well as hostile conditions like low pH (acidity). Because of this, they can survive infectively in food and water for much over a month. These viruses … Read more

The predominant clinical manifestation of mumps is parotitis-related salivary gland enlargement. This symptom is so distinctive that the disease was immediately distinguished from other pediatric illnesses that cause skin rashes. In the fifth century B.C., Hippocrates identified measles as a distinct disease. Additionally, he mentioned orchitis as a common complication of mumps. In some cases … Read more

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), also known as Human Herpesvirus 4, is a virus that belongs to the herpesvirus family. It is one of the most common viruses in humans and is estimated to infect over 90% of people worldwide at some point in their lives. EBV is primarily transmitted through contact with infected saliva, such as … Read more