Pandemic: Definition, Spread, Examples, and Prevention
Learn what a pandemic is, how it differs from an epidemic, how pandemics emerge and spread, major historical examples, and how future risk is reduced.
Microbiology Notes
Microbiology notes covering bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, microbial genetics, physiology, ecology, immunology, medical microbiology, food microbiology, industrial microbiology, and laboratory methods.
Subcategories
- Agricultural Microbiology
- Bacteriology
- Basic Microbiology
- Microbiologists
- Biochemistry
- Bioinformatics
- Biotechnology
- Cell Biology
- Environmental Microbiology
- Biogeochemical Cycling
- Ecology
- Ecosystem
- Microbial Bioremediation
- Microbial Interactions
- Microorganisms and their Habitats
- Waste Management
- Food Microbiology
- Genetics
- Immunology
- Industrial microbiology
- Medical Microbiology
- Disease
- Epidemiology
- Microscope
- Molecular biology
- Mycology
- Parasitology
- Parasitic Arthropoda
- Parasitic Nematodes
- Parasitic Platyhelminthes
- Parasitic Protists
- Phycology
- Prions
- Protozoa
- Virology
Epidemic – Definition, Causes, Types, Examples
An epidemic is a rise in disease cases above expected levels in a population. Learn its causes, types, examples, and differences from endemic and pandemic.
Endemic – Meaning, Types, Examples, and Differences From Epidemic and Pandemic
Endemic means regularly present in a particular place or population. See disease examples, its biology meaning, and how it differs from epidemic and pandemic.
Regulation of Protein Synthesis: Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Explore regulation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, from translation initiation and RNA control to mTOR, nutrients, hormones, and stress.
Animal Models for Autoimmune Diseases
Animal models of autoimmune illnesses have provided invaluable insights into the mechanism of autoimmunity, human autoimmunity, and prospective therapies. Certain inbred animal breeds develop autoimmunity naturally, and autoimmunity can also be caused by certain experimental procedures. Autoimmunity Can Develop Spontaneously in Animals Autoimmunity Can Be Induced Experimentally in Animals
Mycorrhiza – Definition, Types, Examples, Importance
What is Mycorrhiza? Definition of Mycorrhiza Mycorrhiza refers to the symbiotic association between specific fungi and plant roots, where the fungus aids in nutrient and water uptake for the plant, and in return, the plant provides the fungus with essential nutrients produced through photosynthesis. Types of Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae represent diverse symbiotic associations between fungi and
Nitrogen Cycle – Definition, Steps, Importance, Examples
What is Nitrogen Cycle? Nitrogen Cycle Definition The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical process that transforms atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for living organisms and then returns it to the atmosphere through a series of biological and chemical reactions. Stages of Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and denitrification are the steps in the
Nitrogen Fixation – Definition, Importance, Processes
What is Nitrogen Fixation? Nitrogen fixation is the fundamental biological process and the first step in the nitrogen cycle. Certain bacterial species, such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, etc., and other natural phenomena convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia (another type of nitrogen) throughout this process. Why is Nitrogen Fixation Necessary? It serves the following functions in nature:
Host Pathogen Interaction
Host Pathogen Interaction What is Infection? Types of Infection Infectious agents (pathogens) that cause infections include: What is Invasion? A Survey of Bacterial Invasins Spreading Factors Enzymes that Cause Hemolysis and/or Leucolysis Typically, these enzymes act on the animal cell membrane by inserting into it (creating a pore that leads to cell lysis) or by
Phosphorus Cycle – Definition, Steps, Examples, Significance, and Human Impacts
Do you think phosphorus is important? This depends on whether you want DNADNAtexttextend text”D,N, End cell membranes, text or bones within your body? It’s a good bet that the likelihood is that yes!