Genetics

What is Transgenic Animal? Definition of Transgenic Animal A transgenic animal is an organism that has had a foreign gene (transgene) deliberately inserted into its genome, allowing the gene to be expressed and passed on to future generations. Steps for Production of Transgenic Animals The production of transgenic animals involves a detailed and systematic approach … Read more

What is Point mutation? Definition of Point mutation A point mutation is a genetic mutation involving a change in a single nucleotide base in the DNA or RNA sequence, which can affect the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Causes of Point mutation Point mutations are primarily caused by various mechanisms that affect the … Read more

What is Missense Mutation? Definition of Missense Mutation A missense mutation is a type of point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein sequence, potentially altering the protein’s function. Types of Missense Mutation There are two Types of Missense Mutation; Causes of … Read more

What is Nonsense Mutation? Definition of Nonsense Mutation A nonsense mutation is a genetic alteration that introduces a premature stop codon into the coding sequence of a gene, leading to the production of a truncated and often nonfunctional protein. Causes of nonsense mutation Nonsense mutations are a specific type of genetic mutation where a change … Read more

What is Frameshift Mutation? Definition of Frameshift Mutation A frameshift mutation is a genetic alteration caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence, which shifts the reading frame of codons and results in the production of an altered and typically nonfunctional protein. Causes of Frameshift Mutation The main causes of frameshift … Read more

What is Chromosomal mutation? Definition of Chromosomal Mutation Chromosomal mutation refers to alterations in the structure or number of chromosomes within a cell, which can impact genetic information and potentially lead to various genetic disorders. Causes of Chromosomal Mutation Mechanism of Chromosomal Mutation Chromosomal mutations arise through various mechanisms that can be broadly categorized into … Read more

What is Somatic Mutation? Definition of Somatic Mutation A somatic mutation is a genetic change that occurs in non-reproductive cells after fertilization, which typically does not get passed on to offspring. Causes of Somatic Mutation Several factors and stressors can contribute to somatic mutations. These can be categorized into endogenous factors, chemical mutagens, physical mutagens, … Read more

What is Induced Mutation? Mechanism of induced mutation Induced mutations occur when external agents, known as mutagens, alter the structure or sequence of DNA. These mutations can arise through several mechanisms that affect how DNA bases interact or replicate. Let’s explore the primary mechanisms responsible for induced mutations. Base Replacement by Base Analogs Base analogs … Read more

Mutations are changes in the genetic material of an organism. These alterations can occur in various ways, and they play a fundamental role in biological diversity and evolution. Broadly, mutations can be classified into two major categories: gene mutations and chromosomal mutations. Gene mutations, also known as point mutations, occur when a change takes place … Read more