What is Archegoniate? Archegoniate is the group of plants in which the female sex organ called archegonium is present. It is a multicellular flask-shaped structure that is formed during the gametophyte phase, and it is the place where the ovum is produced and retained. It is the outer jacket layer of sterile cells that protect … Read more
A pH meter is an instrument that is used to measure the pH of a solution, and it is the value that shows how acidic or alkaline the solution is. It is the process where a glass electrode and a reference electrode are placed in the sample, and the potential difference formed between them is … Read more
Brucella is a genus of small Gram-negative coccobacilli. It is non-motile and non-spore forming, and it is the organism responsible for a zoonotic disease called brucellosis. It is the process where the bacteria survive as facultative intracellular parasite inside different host cells. These organisms are named after David Bruce and are placed under the family … Read more
Nylander’s test is a qualitative test that is used for detecting reducing sugars. It is the process where the reducing sugar is heated with an alkaline solution containing bismuth salt, and the reaction is controlled by the components present in the reagent. The reagent is made of bismuth nitrate or bismuth subnitrate, potassium sodium tartrate, … Read more
Okazaki fragment is the short segment of DNA that is synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication. It is formed because the DNA polymerase can extend the new strand only in the 5’–3’ direction, so the strand that is oriented in the 3’–5’ direction is produced in a discontinuous manner. It is initiated by … Read more
The Picric Acid Test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution. It is a general chemical test and it is based on the reduction of picric acid under alkaline condition. Picric acid is a yellow crystalline compound (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and it is converted into picramic acid when it reacts with a … Read more
Gradient PCR is referred to as a PCR optimization method where a range of annealing temperatures is tested at the same time in a single run. It is done in a thermal cycler that contain a gradient block, and this block is made in such way that one side hold lower temperature while the opposite … Read more
What is Bright Field Microscope? Bright field microscope is an optical microscope that produce a dark image of the specimen against a bright background, and it is the most common compound light microscope used in biological laboratories. It is the system where the specimen is illuminated from below by a uniform beam of light, and … Read more
What is Ocular Micrometer? The ocular micrometer, which many student’s usually call as the eyepiece micrometer, is basically a small circular glass disk that stay fitted inside the microscope eyepiece, and it carry a tiny ruled scale engraved on it. In general terms, this scale look like a simple series of line’s, but it is … Read more
A dihybrid crossing is a gene-cross between people who have homozygous or heterozygous genotypes that have two distinct characteristics or traits. Dihybrid crosses differ from the monohybrid crossing that only involves one genetic character or characteristic.
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