Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell – Difference Between Plant and Animal Cell

Difference between Plant cell and Animal cell - Plant cell vs Animal cell

The fact that they are both cells that are eukaryotic, meaning they have a real nucleus that is enclosed and separate from other organelles through a nuclear membrane is a key element which determines their ways of multiplication. They share the same reproduction process of meiosis and mitosis by using their DNA, which is stored in the cell’s nucleus.

Gas Chromatography – Definition, Parts, Principle, Working, uses

Gas Chromatography - Definition, Parts, Principle, Working, uses

What is gas chromatography? Definition of Gas chromatography Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify volatile compounds in a mixture by passing them through a column with a stationary phase and a carrier gas. Principle of Gas chromatography How does gas chromatography work? (Mechanism of Separation in Gas Chromatography) … Read more

Biometrics, Numerical taxonomy and Cladistics

Biometrics, Numerical taxonomy and Cladistics

What is Biometrics? What is Numerical Taxonomy? Principle of Numerical Taxonomy The principle of numerical taxonomy, as articulated by Sneath and Sokal (1963), comprises several key tenets that guide its application in classifying and analyzing organisms. These principles emphasize a systematic and empirical approach to taxonomy, leveraging mathematical methods to ensure objectivity and accuracy. These … Read more

Systems of Classification – Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic

Systems of Classification - Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic

Types Of Classification In the study of botany, the classification of plants is a fundamental task aimed at organizing the immense diversity of plant species into manageable categories. Due to the vast number of plant species and their complex relationships, it is essential to classify them into hierarchical groups based on similarities and differences. This … Read more

Autoclave Validation Methods – Objective, Procedure, Result

Autoclave Validation Methods - Objective, Procedure, Result

Why we need to Validate an Autoclave? Validating an autoclave is crucial for ensuring the sterilization process is effective and reliable. Here’s why validation is necessary: Methods for Autoclave Validation Autoclave validation is a critical process in ensuring that sterilization procedures are effective and reliable. This is particularly important in the pharmaceutical industry, where sterility … Read more

Culture Media – Definition, Types, Composition, Use, Examples

Classification of Culture Media

When it comes to culturing bacteria, it is crucial to create the same environmental and nutritional conditions as those found in the natural environment. The majority of culture mediums contain water, which is a major source of carbon and energy and nitrogen. It also contains trace elements, as well as some growth factors. In addition, the pH as well as oxygen tension and Osmolarity must also be considered. Some of the components of media for culture include: Although tap water is appropriate for the use of culture media, it shouldn’t be used in the event that it contains a significant amounts of minerals. In these instances the use of demineralised or distillated water is recommended.

Simple Microscope – Definition, Principle, Parts, Uses

Simple Microscope: Working Principle, Uses, Parts, and their Functions.

What is Simple Microscope? Definition of Simple Microscope A simple microscope is an optical device consisting of a single convex lens that magnifies objects by enlarging their image through light refraction. Principle of Simple Microscope Working Mechanism of Simple Microscope This ray diagram in below, explains how simple microscopes is working; Magnification of a simple … Read more

Difference Between primary and secondary sewage treatment

Difference Between primary and secondary sewage treatment

What is primary sewage treatment? What is secondary sewage treatment? Difference between primary and secondary sewage treatment Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Difference Chart between primary and secondary sewage treatment Aspect Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Nature of Process Physical process involving removal of solid particles from sewage. Biological process involving the degradation of organic matter. Method … Read more

Botanical Nomenclature – Principles, Rules, Ranks, Typification, author citation, rejection

Botanical Nomenclature - Principles, Rules, Ranks, Typification, author citation, rejection

What is Botanical nomenclature? Importance of scientific names Scientific names are crucial for accurately identifying and classifying plants and organisms. Here are key reasons why they are essential: Common name and its problems Common names, while widely used, present several issues that complicate plant identification and communication. These problems arise from their variability, lack of … Read more

Taxonomic Hierarchy – Ranks, Categories and Taxonomic groups

Taxonomic Hierarchy - Ranks, Categories and Taxonomic groups

What is Taxonomic Hierarchy? Taxonomic hierarchy is a fundamental concept in biological classification that organizes the vast diversity of life into a structured framework. This system is essential for the accurate identification, naming, and classification of organisms, allowing biologists to communicate effectively about the characteristics and relationships of various species. At the core of plant … Read more

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