Ecological Succession – Definition, Types, Mechanism, Examples

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Ecological Succession - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Examples

What is Ecological Succession? Ecological Succession Definition Ecological succession is the systematic and predictable process by which species composition in an ecosystem changes over time, progressing from initial colonization to a mature and stable community. Characteristics of Ecological Succession Ecological succession is a fundamental concept in the realm of ecology, delineating the sequential transformation of … Read more

Pyramid of Numbers – Definition, Types, Importance, Examples

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Pyramid of Numbers - Definition, Types, Importance, Examples

What is Pyramid of Number? The Pyramid of Numbers is a graphical representation used in ecology to illustrate the distribution of various species in different trophic levels of a food chain. This pyramid provides a quantitative analysis, showing the number of individual organisms present at each trophic level. Unlike other ecological pyramids which might consider … Read more

Polyploidy in Plant Breeding

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Polyploidy in Plant Breeding

Polyploidy plays a pivotal role in plant breeding, especially in enhancing the genetic diversity and adaptability of crops. Polyploidy refers to the condition in which a plant has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, a state that naturally occurs due to irregularities in mitotic or meiotic divisions. These irregularities can lead to an increase … Read more

Distant Hybridization – Definition, Objectives, Barriers, Techniques, Limitations

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Schematic diagram of the distant hybridization breeding system between AA and BB genome species concerned

What is Distant Hybridization (Wide hybridization)? Definition of Distant Hybridization Distant hybridization, or wide hybridization, refers to the crossing of individuals from different species or genera that are more distantly related than varieties within the same species, aiming to introduce novel traits and increase genetic diversity. History of Distant Hybridization Objectives of Distant Hybridization Barriers … Read more

Mutation Breeding – Mutations in Crop Improvement

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Mutation Breeding - Mutations in Crop Improvement

Mutations play a significant role in crop improvement by introducing genetic variability, which can be harnessed to develop new and improved crop varieties. A mutation is defined as a sudden and heritable change in an organism’s characteristics. This definition implies that the change must be inheritable, though it does not specify the genetic mechanisms underlying … Read more

Difference Between Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression

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Difference Between Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression

What is Heterosis? Heterosis, commonly known as hybrid vigor, refers to the phenomenon where the offspring of two genetically different parents exhibit greater vigor, growth, yield, or other desirable traits than either of the parent strains. This increased performance in hybrids is a key concept in plant breeding and agriculture. Here’s a closer look at … Read more

Differences Between Dominance and Overdominance Hypotheses

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Differences Between Dominance and Overdominance Hypotheses

What is Dominance Hypotheses? The Dominance Hypothesis refers to a concept in plant breeding and genetics that deals with the expression of traits in offspring based on the dominance of alleles. It essentially posits that in a heterozygous state, one allele (the dominant allele) can mask the expression of another allele (the recessive allele). Here’s … Read more

Differences Between Pureline Selection and Mass Selection

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Differences Between Pureline Selection and Mass Selection

What is Pureline Selection? Pureline selection is a plant breeding method used to develop new varieties from a single genotype or “pure line.” This approach is based on selecting and propagating individuals that consistently exhibit desirable traits, aiming to create a genetically uniform and stable line. Here’s how it typically works: Pureline selection is particularly … Read more

Differences between bulk and pedigree methods

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Differences between bulk and pedigree methods

What is bulk Method? The bulk method is a plant breeding technique used to develop new varieties by selecting plants with desirable traits through repeated cycles of selection and propagation. Here’s a brief overview of how it works: The bulk method is often used in the early stages of breeding programs to quickly evaluate and … Read more

Differences Between Backcross and Pedigree Methods

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Differences Between Backcross and Pedigree Methods

What is Backcross Method? The backcross method is a genetic technique used in plant breeding and animal genetics to transfer a specific trait from one organism to another while maintaining the genetic background of the recurrent parent. This method involves several key steps and objectives: Key Concepts of the Backcross Method Advantages of the Backcross … Read more

Backcross Method – Procedure, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages

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Backcross Method – Procedure, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages

What is Backcross Method? Definition of Backcross Method The backcross method is a breeding technique where a hybrid or progeny is repeatedly crossed with one of its original parent plants to transfer specific traits from the donor parent to the recipient parent while preserving the recipient’s original characteristics. Requirements of a backcross programme To effectively … Read more

Bulk Method – Procedure, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages

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Generalized steps in breeding by bulk selection

What is Bulk Method? Definition of Bulk Method The bulk method, developed by Nilsson-Ehle in 1908, is a plant breeding technique where large quantities of plants from the F1 generation and subsequent generations are grown in bulk. Individual plants are only selected and evaluated after a prolonged bulking period, distinguishing it from methods like the … Read more

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