Avatar for Sourav Pan

Sourav Pan

Founder of Biology Notes Online, Biology & Microbiology Educator, M.Sc. in Microbiology
Expertise
Microbiology, Immunology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Botany, Zoology
Education
University of Calcutta
Profile Last Updated: August 10, 2026

Sourav Pan is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree and an M.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of Calcutta. He creates educational resources covering microbiology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, cell biology, botany, zoology, and other life-science subjects.

His goal is to make complex biological concepts easier to understand through well-structured, student-friendly articles based on academic textbooks, peer-reviewed research, and authoritative scientific sources. In addition to writing new content, he regularly reviews and updates articles to improve their accuracy, clarity, and educational value.

High Pressure Homogenizer – Principle, Types, Parts, Uses

High Pressure Homogenizer - Principle, Types, Parts, Uses

Homogenizer is a mechanical device used to make a uniform and stable mixture of two substances which normally do not mix well. It is used in food, dairy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It forces a liquid or semi-fluid product through a narrow gap called homogenizing valve under very high pressure. In this process, the liquid … Read more

Fluorescence Spectrophotometry – Principle, Parts, Advantages, Uses

Fluorescence Spectrophotometry - Definition, Principle, Parts, Advantages, Uses

Fluorescence spectrometry is an analytical technique that is used to measure the light emitted by a substance after absorption of electromagnetic radiation. It is also known as fluorimetry. It is a very sensitive method for detecting small amount of substance. In this method, the sample is first exposed with a particular wavelength of high energy … Read more

Rotor Stator Homogenizers – Principle, Procedure, Parts, Uses

Rotor Stator Homogenizers - Definition, Principle, Parts, Uses

Rotor Stator Homogenizer is a mechanical homogenizer used for mixing, emulsification and particle size reduction. It consists of two main parts, the rotor and the stator. The rotor is the rotating part and the stator is the fixed outer part. The rotor rotates at high speed inside the stator. Due to this rotation, the liquid … Read more

Blood Collection Tubes – Definition, Significance of Color Coding

Blood Collection Tubes - Definition, Significance of Color Coding

Blood Collection Tubes are evacuated, sterile and single-use medical devices that are used to collect human blood samples for laboratory testing. These tubes are used by trained healthcare professionals during blood collection. It helps to collect, contain, preserve and transport the blood sample safely. The tubes are generally made up of glass or shatter-resistant plastic … Read more

Centrifugal Separators – Working Principle, Parts, Types, Uses

Centrifugal Separators - Working Principle, Parts, Types, Uses

Centrifugal Separators are mechanical devices that are used to separate the components of a mixture on the basis of their different densities. It is generally operated by an electric motor and rotates a bowl or chamber at very high speed. During this rotation, a strong centrifugal force is produced which acts like artificial gravity. The … Read more

Decanter centrifuge – Principle, Types, Parts, Uses

Decanter centrifuge - Principle, Types, Parts, Uses

Decanter centrifuge is an industrial machine which is used to separate solid materials from liquids present in a slurry. It is also known as horizontal bowl centrifuge, solid bowl centrifuge, or scroll centrifuge. It works by spinning at very high speed. In this process, a strong centrifugal force is produced which increases the natural gravitational … Read more

PRP Centrifuge – Principle, Types, Parts, Applications

PRP Centrifuge - Definition, Types, Parts, Applications

PRP Centrifuge is a specialized medical and laboratory device that is used to extract and concentrate Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) from the patient’s own blood. It works by spinning the blood sample at high speed. During this process, centrifugal force separates the blood components according to their specific density. The heavier red blood cells (RBCs) sink … Read more