Biology Practicals - Page 42 of 48 - Biology Notes Online

Isolation of Microorganisms from Soil: Principle and Procedure

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 14, 2026 • 25 min read

Isolation of Microorganisms from Soil: principle, serial dilution, culture media, laboratory procedure, colony observations, and safety precautions.

How to Use a Microscope Properly: Step-by-Step Guide

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 14, 2026 • 23 min read

Learn how to use a microscope properly with step-by-step instructions for setup, slide placement, focusing, magnification, safe handling, and care.

Centrifuge Balancing – Procedure, Principle and Tube Charts

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 14, 2026 • 21 min read

Three centrifuge rotor arrangements showing balanced opposing tubes, a balanced three-tube pattern at 120°, and unequal opposing loads producing an unbalanced force.

Centrifuge balancing explained with step-by-step procedures, mass matching, rotor loading patterns, and charts for balancing 3, 5, and 7 tubes safely.

Serial Dilution Method – Principle, Procedure, Formula & Examples

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 13, 2026 • 17 min read

Understand the serial dilution method, its principle, step-by-step procedure, formulas, calculations, two-fold and ten-fold dilutions, and applications.

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis: Principle, Procedure, Results and Uses

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 13, 2026 • 15 min read

Four-stage rocket immunoelectrophoresis procedure showing antibody-containing agarose preparation, antigen sample loading, electrophoresis, and visualization of precipitin rockets.

Explore rocket immunoelectrophoresis, including its purpose, working principle, procedure, result interpretation, standard curve, applications, and limitations.

Coagulase Test: Principle, Slide and Tube Methods, Results

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 12, 2026 • 15 min read

Coagulase Test Principle, Procedure, Application, Result.

Coagulase Test guide covering the principle, rabbit plasma reagent, slide and tube procedures, positive and negative results, and staphylococcal identification.

Moist Heat Sterilization: Principle, Methods, Temperature & Uses

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 12, 2026 • 19 min read

Saturated steam condensing on a metal instrument, releasing latent heat and causing microbial proteins to denature.

Moist heat sterilization explained: how steam kills microbes, common methods, autoclave temperatures and times, applications, and differences from dry heat.

Aseptic Techniques in Microbiology: Principles and Procedures

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 11, 2026 • 15 min read

Different Aseptic Techniques in Microbiology Laboratory

Understand aseptic techniques in microbiology, including their purpose, principles, common methods, culture-transfer steps, and contamination prevention.

Spread Plate Method: Principle, Procedure, Results and Uses

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 11, 2026 • 14 min read

Scientific schematic showing dilution of a microbial suspension, separation of colony-forming units on solid agar, and development of individual surface colonies.

Understand the spread plate method, including its principle, procedure, colony counting, results, applications, advantages, and limitations.

Pour Plate Method: Principle, Procedure, Results & Uses

Sourav Pan (M.Sc. in Microbiology) • Updated October 11, 2026 • 25 min read

Transparent cutaway of a pour plate showing microbial colonies on the agar surface and smaller colonies embedded at different depths within the solidified medium.

Pour plate method explained with its principle, step-by-step procedure, colony count interpretation, applications, advantages, limitations, and comparisons.