What is an Anticodon? Anticodons play a crucial role in protein production by ensuring that the correct amino acids are incorporated in the appropriate positions. These sequences of nucleotides are found within transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. tRNAs act as carriers, bringing the specific amino acids that match the instructions encoded in the messenger RNA (mRNA) … Read more
James Wang discovered the first DNA topoisomerase in bacteria in 1971, initially naming it ω (omega) protein; it is now known as Escherichia coli (E. coli) topoisomerase I (topo I) and is a member of the type IA family of enzymes. Subsequently, James Champoux and Renato Dulbecco discovered an analogous activity in eukaryotic cells (rat liver); the … Read more
Transduction refers to the transfer of a part of DNA between two bacteriums via a bacteriaophage.
Transduction is mediated by viruses.
Before going through Eukaryotic Translation steps, please take a look at our previous article Prokaryotic Translation Steps, Requirements, to check the components required for the translation procedure. Protein synthesis in eukaryotes, which includes organisms such as animals, plants, fungi, and protists, involves a complex process that occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation. Here’s … Read more
What is DNA Methylation? DNA Methylation Definition DNA methylation is an epigenetic process in which a methyl group (CH3) is added to the DNA molecule. This modification primarily occurs at the 5-carbon position of the cytosine ring, resulting in the formation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). It is considered one of the major mechanisms for regulating gene … Read more
In the world of genetics, there exists a remarkable technique that allows us to unlock the mysteries hidden within our DNA. DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a laboratory genetic method that has revolutionized the way we identify individuals, establish relationships, and investigate crimes. By analyzing specific regions of our unique genetic code, … Read more
What is gene expression? What is Gene Expression Profiling? Gene Expression Profiling Definition Gene expression profiling (GEP) is a technology for identifying the genes that are active in a given sample of cells or tissue. This technique enables profiling of genes that are differentially expressed in disease states; thereby providing diagnostic and prognostic information. Tools … Read more
What is Cloning Vector? A cloning vector is a small portion of DNA that can be maintained in an organism and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for the purposes of cloning. The vector for cloning may consist of DNA extracted from a virus, the cell of a higher organism, or the … Read more
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a technology for high-throughput DNA and RNA sequencing. It allows for the rapid and simultaneous analysis of millions of DNA fragments, enabling comprehensive genomic studies such as genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and epigenetic profiling. NGS has revolutionized the field of genomics, providing a faster and more cost-effective way to study the … Read more
What is Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs)? Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are the result of a recombinant DNA cloning technique used to isolate and propagate extremely large DNA segments in a yeast host. The YAC cloning system enables the replication of exogenous DNA segments as linear molecules on a significantly larger scale than is possible with … Read more
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