Avatar for Sourav Pan

Sourav Pan

Founder of Biology Notes Online, Biology & Microbiology Educator, M.Sc. in Microbiology
Expertise
Microbiology, Immunology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Botany, Zoology
Education
University of Calcutta
Profile Last Updated: August 10, 2026

Sourav Pan is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree and an M.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of Calcutta. He creates educational resources covering microbiology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, cell biology, botany, zoology, and other life-science subjects.

His goal is to make complex biological concepts easier to understand through well-structured, student-friendly articles based on academic textbooks, peer-reviewed research, and authoritative scientific sources. In addition to writing new content, he regularly reviews and updates articles to improve their accuracy, clarity, and educational value.

Alkaline Phosphatase Test of Milk – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Alkaline Phosphatase Test of Milk- Determination of Phosphatase Activity of Milk

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is naturally found within all the raw milks that is utilized to determine the quality of pasteurization of milk. A complete pasteurization process can deactivate the enzyme below levels that can be detected by traditional methods. Because the stability of the heat of ALP is higher than the stability of pathogens that could be found in milk, it serves as a metric of security. However, failure for detection of ALP activity is not a mean an item is safe from pathogens.

IMViC Test – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses, Examples

Operating Procedure of Fluorescence spectroscopy

IMViC test is a group of four biochemical tests which are used in microbiology laboratory to identify and differentiate Gram-negative bacteria especially coliform group and Enterobacteriaceae family. These tests are commonly performed after Gram staining and the reactions are stable and used as important identification tests. IMViC is an acronym in which I stands for … Read more