Page 63 – Biology Notes Online

Respiratory Pigments – Examples and Functions

• Published on October 6, 2024 • 8 min readby Sourav Pan

What Are Respiratory Pigments? Examples of Respiratory pigments Below are the primary examples of respiratory pigments, highlighting their structure, function, and variations. Comparative analysis of respiratory pigments reveals distinct differences and similarities among them: Evolutionary significance of respiratory pigments The evolutionary significance of respiratory pigments is profound, as these molecules have enabled organisms to adapt … Read more

Human Digestive System – Organs, Structure, Functions

• Published on October 4, 2024 • 68 min readby Editorial Team

What is Digestive System? How Does the Digestive System Work? Types of Digestive System The digestive system can be categorized into two primary components: the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the accessory digestive organs. Understanding these components is essential for comprehending how the body processes food and absorbs nutrients. Each part plays a distinct role in … Read more

Physiology of Digestion – Organs, Mechanism, Regulation, Functions

• Last Updated November 5, 2024 • 0 revisions • 31 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Digestion? Organ Systems Involved in gastrointestinal system The gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex network of organs responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as the elimination of waste. It encompasses several key organs, each with specific functions that contribute to the overall digestive process. Digestion Process The digestion process … Read more

Sense Organs – Classification of receptors, Brief account of visual and auditory receptors in man

• Published on October 4, 2024 • 34 min readby Sourav Pan

Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrate Eye

What are Sense Organs? Types of Sensory Receptors Sensory receptors in vertebrates are specialized structures that detect various types of stimuli from both the external and internal environments. These receptors convert sensory input into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain for processing. Sensory receptors are classified based on their distribution, location, and … Read more

Urogenital System in Vertebrates – Structure, Development, Succession, Evolution, Significance

• Published on October 4, 2024 • 22 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Urogenital System? Male and Female Excretory System The male and female excretory systems share significant similarities in structure, particularly concerning the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Despite these commonalities, there are notable differences, particularly in the anatomy and function of the urethra. Development of Urogenital System The development of the urogenital system is … Read more

Comparative Anatomy and associated glands of Digestive Systems In Vertebrates

• Published on October 4, 2024 • 31 min readby Sourav Pan

The digestive tract of vertebrates The digestive tract of vertebrates consists of several distinct parts, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of digestion. From the mouth to the glands associated with digestion, this system is designed to break down food, absorb nutrients, and expel waste. Below is a detailed breakdown of the … Read more

Skeletal System In Vertebrates – Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

• Published on October 3, 2024 • 48 min readby Sourav Pan

Cartilage and Bone: Key Components of the Vertebrate Skeletal System The vertebrate skeletal system is primarily composed of two types of connective tissue: cartilage and bone. Both play crucial roles in providing structural support, protection, and aiding in locomotion. Although both tissues are essential for the overall functioning of the skeleton, they differ significantly in … Read more

Parental Care in Amphibia – Protection by Nests and Direct Carrying by Parents

• Published on October 3, 2024 • 11 min readby Sourav Pan

Parental Care in Amphibia 1. Protection by Nests, Nurseries, or Shelters in Amphibians Amphibians have evolved a variety of innovative strategies to protect their vulnerable eggs and larvae from predation. These methods often involve creating safe microhabitats that shield offspring until they are capable of defending themselves. The protection by nests, nurseries, or shelters can … Read more

Origin of Tetrapods (Amphibia)

• Published on October 3, 2024 • 14 min readby Sourav Pan

Tetrapod phylogeny from The Tangled Bank, used with permission of the author, Carl Zimmer, and publisher, Roberts & Company, Greenwood Village, Colorado.

Tetrapoda: Evolution from Fish to Land-Dwelling Vertebrates Tetrapods are a group of vertebrates that includes amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The first tetrapods evolved during the Devonian period from crossopterygian fishes, which were adapted to shallow, marshy environments. These fishes already possessed some features that made their transition to land possible. The transition from aquatic … Read more

Amphibian – Characteristics, Origin, Morphology, Classification

• Published on October 3, 2024 • 25 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Amphibian? Scientific Classification of Amphibian Category Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Clade Batrachomorpha Class Amphibia Order Anura, Caudata, Gymnophiona Amphibians are believed to have evolved from a population of osteolepid fishes during the later part of the Devonian period. These fishes began spending more time on land, moving from one pool to another. … Read more