Microbiology

Biosafety guidelines provide guidelines, policies, and procedures that must be observed by all personnel who work in facilities handling microbiological agents, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, fungi and prions. These guidelines are required for all institutions, including clinical and microbiological labs, biomedical research laboratories, teaching and training laboratories, and other healthcare institutions (e.g. hospitals, … Read more

What is Biosafety Cabinet? A biosafety cabinet (BSC), also known as a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet, is a specialized laboratory workspace designed to handle materials contaminated with or potentially contaminated with pathogens requiring a specific biosafety level. The primary purpose of a biosafety cabinet is to provide a safe working environment for … Read more

Definition of Simple columnar epithelium  The simple columnar epithelium, which is one type of epithelium, is made up of a single layer consisting of long, elongated cells. These cells are located in areas where absorption or secretion are the primary functions. The cells of the columnar epithelium can also be modified, just like cuboidal epithelium. … Read more

Definition of p-value  The p-value, or estimated probability represents the most reliable probability of providing the lowest amount of significance, that the null hypothesis isn’t the case. Formula of p-value  How to find p-value? P-values can be determined through comparing test results against the table of p-values for various scores. The scores calculated by the … Read more

What is Stratified cuboidal epithelium? Definition of Stratified cuboidal epithelium  Stratified cuboidal epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue characterized by multiple layers of cells, with the surface layer consisting of cube-shaped cells. It is primarily found in glandular structures and plays roles in protection, selective absorption, and secretion. Stratified cuboidal epithelium labeled Stratified cuboidal … Read more

What is hypotonic solution? Definition of Hypotonic solution A hypotonic solution is one that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution, leading to a net movement of water into the region of higher solute concentration, typically across a semipermeable membrane. What Happens to Cells when it is placed in a hypotonic Solution? When … Read more

To function properly, cells must be kept turgid. To function properly, a well-watered plant will grow and produce fruits and flowers. A plant that is not watered for several days will wilt and eventually die. This happens because water leaves the cell and causes the cell to lose its turgidity. Based on the concentration of … Read more

What is An Autotroph? Definition of Autotroph An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own complex organic compounds (like carbohydrates) using simple substances such as carbon dioxide, typically through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, without relying on external sources for carbon or energy. Types of Autotrophs Autotrophs, which are organisms that make their … Read more

What is Heterotroph? Definition of Heterotrophs Heterotrophs are organisms that rely on eating other living things for their nutrition and energy, as they cannot produce their own food. Types of Heterotrophic Nutrition In the natural world, living things use different ways to get their food when they can’t make it themselves. These are the main … Read more

Definition of Phylum Nematoda Nematodes (Gr. nema thread+ form) are often referred to by various names, such as threadworm, non-segmented roundworm or pinworm. They are distinct from flatworms and higher segmented anelids. Characteristics of Phylum Nematoda  Classification of Phylum Nematoda  Nematoda is one of the most diverse phyla. At present, there are approximately 15,000 species. … Read more