5 min read 
Maintain an infectious disease in a human population the pathogens must need to be transmitted from one host or source to another. In Biology the term transmission is refers to the passing of a pathogen from one individual to another individual which can cause a serious disease or infection. The transmission of disease is occurred … Read more
25 min read 
Crystals in Urine Urine is a complex fluid that contains various chemicals, and under certain conditions, these chemicals can solidify and form salt crystals. This phenomenon is known as crystalluria. When examining urine samples, the presence of crystals is often assessed as part of a urinalysis, which measures different substances in the urine. While normal … Read more
22 min read 
What is Germ Theory of Disease? Key principles of the germ theory of disease The key principles of the germ theory of disease can be summarized as follows: These principles collectively form the foundation of the germ theory of disease, guiding our understanding of the causes, transmission, prevention, and treatment of infectious diseases. Germ theory … Read more
14 min read 
Handwashing is a fundamental and essential practice in basic hygiene that helps to prevent the transmission and spread of infectious agents. Poor hygiene practices can have a significant impact on causing various infections, including those affecting the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal system. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are often associated with a lack of or … Read more
14 min read 
What are Spindle Fibres? Definition of Spindle Fibres Spindle fibres are microtubule structures that facilitate the separation and movement of chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. Importance of Spindle Fiber Spindle Fibers are essential structures in the process of cell division, ensuring the accurate and proper segregation of chromosomes. Their significance can be highlighted through the … Read more
16 min read 
What is Secretion? Definition of Secretion Secretion is the process by which cells actively transport molecules, often synthesized within the cell, to their exterior environment. Purpose of Secretion How Does Secretion Occur? Cellular secretion is a multifaceted process that involves the transport of substances from the interior of a cell to its exterior. This process … Read more
19 min read 
What is Pseudopod? Definition of Pseudopod A pseudopod is a temporary, arm-like extension of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells, primarily utilized for cellular motility and phagocytosis. Composed of actin filaments and other cytoskeletal elements, pseudopods enable cells to move and ingest particles. They are highly dynamic and can adopt various forms, such as lamellipodia, filopodia, … Read more
23 min read 
What is Prophase? Definition of Prophase Prophase is the initial stage of cell division in eukaryotes, characterized by the condensation of chromosomes, the separation of centrioles, and the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. What Happens in Prophase? Pointers to prophase Prophase, a pivotal stage in cell division, is marked by several distinct events that prepare … Read more
22 min read 
What is Prophase I? Definition of Prophase I Prophase I is the initial stage of meiosis I, characterized by the exchange of genetic material between paired homologous chromosomes through homologous recombination, leading to increased genetic variation. This phase encompasses five sub-stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. Prophase I Glossary of Terms By understanding these … Read more
18 min read 
What is Prophase II? Definition of Prophase II Prophase II is a stage in meiosis II where chromatin condenses into distinct chromosomes, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, centrosomes migrate to opposite poles, and the spindle apparatus forms, preparing the cell for subsequent division. Unlike Prophase I, no crossing over of chromosomes occurs in this phase. What … Read more