What is Gal operon? The galactose operon is the unit in bacteria that is responsible for the metabolism of D-galactose, and it is organized with four structural genes (galE, galT, galK and galM). It is the process where these genes are required both for catabolic breakdown of galactose and for anabolic formation of compounds like … Read more
It is considered that the origin of chordates is deeply associated with the deuterostome lineage, where the early ancestors are sharing characters with hemichordates and echinoderms. In this group, the basic features such as a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord (DHNC), pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail and endostyle are present at some stage of development. … Read more
Herdmania is a solitary tunicate sea squirt. Learn its classification, habitat, morphology, anatomy, feeding, reproduction, tadpole larva and metamorphosis.
Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules, and it is the process where RNA itself act as an enzyme in different biochemical reactions. It is the first biological evidence that RNA can work both as a genetic material and also as a catalyst. This is referred to as the dual activity of RNA, and it gives support … Read more
A fish is an aquatic vertebrate which is mostly characterized by the presence of gills throughout life, a streamlined body, and paired as well as unpaired fins which helps in swimming. It is the group that comprises jawless forms like hagfish and lampreys, cartilaginous fishes like sharks and rays, and the bony fishes which is … Read more
Agnatha is the superclass of vertebrates in which true jaws are absent. It is the group that represent the most primitive and earliest craniates, and in this group the mouth parts are simple without any jaw elements. It is the condition where the animals show a very old vertebrate body plan which is already present … Read more
What Is Induced Breeding (hypophysation)? Induced breeding is the process in which fishes are stimulated to reproduce under controlled conditions when natural spawning does not occur in captivity. It is the technique where hormonal preparations are used to activate the maturation of gonads and to release the gametes. This is referred to as hypophysation because … Read more
The fate of pyruvate is the different metabolic pathway in which pyruvate can enter after it is formed at the end of glycolysis. It is the process that depend on the presence or absence of oxygen in the cell environment. In aerobic condition, pyruvate is moved into the mitochondria where it is converted into Acetyl-CoA, … Read more
Different forms of DNA exist because the molecule can shift its structure when the surrounding conditions is changed. It is the property of DNA to show polymorphism, and this is the reason why B-DNA is not the only form present in cells. It is observed that the B-form is the common right-handed helix under normal … Read more
Latex agglutination test is a simple serological test where antigen and antibody reaction is made visible on the surface of latex particles. It is the process in which latex beads are coated either with antigen or with antibody and when a sample containing the corresponding component is added, the beads is clumped together forming visible … Read more
