Avatar for Sourav Pan

Sourav Pan

Founder of Biology Notes Online, Biology & Microbiology Educator, M.Sc. in Microbiology
Expertise
Microbiology, Immunology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Botany, Zoology
Education
University of Calcutta
Profile Last Updated: August 10, 2026

Sourav Pan is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree and an M.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of Calcutta. He creates educational resources covering microbiology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, cell biology, botany, zoology, and other life-science subjects.

His goal is to make complex biological concepts easier to understand through well-structured, student-friendly articles based on academic textbooks, peer-reviewed research, and authoritative scientific sources. In addition to writing new content, he regularly reviews and updates articles to improve their accuracy, clarity, and educational value.

Stomata Under Microscope – Temporary Mount Technique

Stomata Under Microscope - Temporary Mount Technique

What is Stomata? Aim To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf peel in order to show the stomata of a leaf Principle/Theory The principle or theory of the stomata under a microscope experiment is based on the understanding that plants, as primary producers, perform essential physiological processes like photosynthesis and respiration. To facilitate these … Read more

Penicillin Under a Microscope

Penicillin Under a Microscope

What is Penicillium? Requirements for Penicillium Microscopy Procedure of Penicillium Microscopy General Tips When embarking on the fascinating journey of Penicillium microscopy, there are some essential tips to ensure a successful and rewarding experience. By following these guidelines, researchers and enthusiasts can unlock the hidden world of mold and delve into the intricate details of … Read more

Pollen Under The Microscope

Pollen Under The Microscope

What is Pollen? Requirements for Pollen Microscopy Sample Collection for Pollen Microscopy Observation of Pollen Under Stereo Microscope Requirements Procedure for Observation of Pollen Under Stereo Microscope Observing pollen grains under a stereo microscope is a captivating journey into the hidden world of botanical wonders. With its ability to provide a three-dimensional view, the stereo … Read more

Cheek Cells Under a Microscope

Cheek Cells Under a Microscope

Cheek cells, fascinating eukaryotic entities, grace the lining of our mouths. These microscopic wonders boast a distinct structure that encapsulates a world of biological marvels within their tiny boundaries. Thanks to their ease of shedding, acquiring them for observation has become a simple yet enlightening endeavor. Within the confines of these small entities, a realm … Read more

Protist Under Microscope

Protist Under Microscope

What is Protists? Protists are a group of eukaryotic organisms belonging to the Kingdom Protista. They are distinct from animals, plants, and fungi. While all protists are eukaryotes with a nucleus and cellular organelles, they can vary widely in their characteristics. The majority of protists are unicellular, although there are a few multicellular protists, with … Read more

Salmonella Under Microscope

Salmonella Under Microscope

What is Salmonella? Salmonella is a group of gram-negative bacillus bacteria that is responsible for causing food poisoning and subsequent infections in the intestinal tract. While some infections can be effectively treated, there are certain strains that have developed resistance to antibiotics, making them potentially deadly. Consequently, Salmonella infections should not be underestimated and require … Read more

E. Coli Under The Microscope

E. Coli Under the Microscope

E. coli, short for Escherichia coli, is a versatile bacterium that can be found in a variety of environments, including certain foods, soil, and the intestines of animals, including humans. It belongs to the genus Escherichia and exhibits a wide diversity of strains. While many strains of E. coli are harmless and even beneficial, some … Read more

Inflammation – Definition, Types, Causes, Mechanism

Inflammation - Definition, Causes, Symptoms

Inflammation is a protective reaction of body against injury, infection and harmful substances. It is a part of innate immune system. It helps to remove the harmful agent and starts tissue repair.Inflammation is a protective defence reaction of the body which occurs against infection, toxic chemical, injury and tissue damage. It is a part of … Read more