The nervous system relies on neurons to carry out various functions, ranging from basic motor reflexes to complex processes such as memory formation and decision-making. Unlike human communication through words and body language, neurons communicate through electrical and chemical signals. Similar to a committee member, a single neuron typically integrates and processes information from multiple … Read more
What is Neuromuscular junction? Definition of Neuromuscular junction A neuromuscular junction is a specialized connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, where signals from the nervous system are transmitted to the muscle, resulting in muscle contraction. Structure of a Neuromuscular Junction The structure of Neuromuscular junction can be broadly divided into three parts: … Read more
What is Reflex Action? Definition of Reflex Action Reflex action is an automatic and rapid response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious control or thought. It involves the activation of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons to produce a quick and stereotyped response, often for the purpose of self-preservation or protection. Types of reflex … Read more
Facts of Bacterial Food Poisoning What is Bacterial Food Poisoning? Causes of Bacterial Food Poisoning Bacterial food poisoning mainly occurs by eating contaminated foods. the contamination of food with the bacterial toxin or chemicals can be occurred by; Symptoms of Bacterial Food Poisoning If you have bacterial food poisoning, you probably won’t go unnoticed. Symptoms … Read more
Introduction of Industrial microbiology History and Development in industrial microbiology The history of the evolution of industrial microbiology can be neatly categorised into three time periods: Since antiquity, many of man’s domestic processes have relied on fermentative changes. For instance, the first bread was made circa 4000 B.C. Moreover, wine was made from grapes, and … Read more
Principles to maintain active tarter culture The preparation of cultures depends on a number of variables: 1. The choice of milk 2. Heat treatment of milk 3. Containers/Utensils 4. Amount of inoculum 5. Aseptic culture transfer 6. Time of inoculation 7. Cooling Preparation of mother culture The preparation of the mother culture is a crucial … Read more
Yeasts are eukaryotic, unicellular microorganisms that belong to the kingdom of fungi. The first yeast appeared hundreds of millions of years ago, and there are approximately 1,500 known kinds. Yeasts are unicellular organisms that developed from multicellular predecessors, with certain species able to acquire multicellular traits by generating pseudohyphae, which are strings of connected budding … Read more
What is an Industrial centrifuge? An industrial centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate or purify materials. Centrifuges work by spinning a sample at high speeds, using gravitational force to separate the components of the sample based on their density, size, or shape. Industrial centrifuges can be used for a wide range … Read more
What is Production Media? Production media, often associated with the fermentation industry, plays a crucial role in the cultivation of specific strains for the purpose of generating either microbial cells or biochemical products. This media, essentially a growth environment, is meticulously formulated to support the development and productivity of designated microbial strains under controlled conditions. … Read more
Types of Wine Depending on the type of grape, yeast strain, fermentation process, etc., there are a variety of wines. There are so many differences amongst them that it becomes impossible to classify them accurately. However, the following are notable wine varieties: 1. Red wines 2. Dry wines 3. Sweet wines 4. Sparkling wines 5. … Read more
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