Microbiology - Biology Notes Online

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors – Mechanism, Examples

Published on July 25, 2024 By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

What are Cell wall synthesis inhibitors? Cell wall synthesis inhibitors encompass antibiotics like β-lactams and glycopeptides. These antibiotics play a crucial role in treating infections by targeting the bacterial cell wall, an essential structure for bacterial survival. Understanding the mechanisms and types of these inhibitors provides insight into their therapeutic applications. β-Lactam Antibiotics β-lactam antibiotics … Read more

Karyotyping – Definition, Steps, Procedure and Applications

Published on July 7, 2024 By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

What is Karyotyping? Karyotyping: What’s the Deal? Definition of Karyotyping Karyotyping is a diagnostic technique that examines an individual’s chromosomes to identify genetic abnormalities, structural changes, and chromosome number variations. What is a karyotype? Karyotyping Procedure/Steps of Karyotyping Staining and banding Staining and Banding techniques used in karyotyping: Applications of Karyotyping Medical Genetics: Prenatal Diagnostics: … Read more

DNA Library – Types, Construction, Applications

Published on July 4, 2024 By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

What is DNA Library (Genomic, cDNA)? Types of DNA Library There are two main types of DNA libraries: genomic libraries, and cDNA libraries. 1. Genomic Library 2. cDNA Library Genomic Library Construction Steps Genomic Library Construction Steps Creating a cDNA library begins with mRNA, which carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. … Read more

The Wobble Hypothesis – Definition, Exaplanation, Importance

Published on June 24, 2024 By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

What is The Wobble Hypothesis? The Wobble Hypothesis, proposed by Francis Crick in 1966, provides an explanation for the degeneracy of the genetic code. Degeneracy refers to the fact that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. According to the Wobble Hypothesis, the precise pairing between the bases of the codon and the … Read more

Emulsion PCR – Principle, Procedure, Advantages, Limitations, Uses

Published on June 20, 2024 By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

What is Emulsion PCR? Principle of Emulsion PCR Emulsion PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a sophisticated technique designed to amplify individual DNA templates in a high-throughput manner by partitioning the DNA into tiny water-in-oil droplets. Each droplet serves as an independent microreactor, allowing for the separate amplification of distinct DNA fragments. This method leverages the … Read more

Omega-3 Fatty Acids – Types, Structure, Sources, Functions

Last Updated June 21, 2024 • 0 revisions By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

What is Omega-3 Fatty Acid? Definition of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) characterized by a double bond three atoms away from the terminal methyl group in their chemical structure, crucial for human health, found in plants (as α-linolenic acid, ALA) and marine sources like algae and fish (as … Read more

History of Microbiology

Last Updated August 16, 2024 • 0 revisions By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

The Emergence of Microbiology: Uncovering Microbes Microbiology, the study of microscopic living organisms, is a relatively recent scientific field that has significantly advanced our understanding of biology and disease. The foundation of microbiology can be traced back to the mid-19th century, during a period of considerable growth and development in the biological sciences. Key Developments … Read more

Bacterial Growth Curve Protocol

Published on June 14, 2024 By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

What is Bacterial Growth Curve? The bacterial growth curve is a graphical representation of the growth of a population of bacteria in a closed system over time. It typically consists of four phases: The shape and duration of each phase can vary depending on the bacterial species, the nutrients available, and other environmental factors. Understanding … Read more

TaqMan Probe – Definition, Principle, Applications

Published on June 13, 2024 By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

TaqMan - Definition, Principle, Applications

What is TaqMan Probe? Definition of TaqMan TaqMan probes are hydrolysis probes used in quantitative PCR (qPCR) to increase specificity by utilizing the 5´–3´ exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase to cleave a dual-labeled probe during hybridization, resulting in a fluorescence signal that allows for precise quantification of the target DNA. Principle of TaqMan TaqMan technology … Read more

56 Pioneers in Microbiology and their Great Contribution

Published on June 12, 2024 By BNO Team Fact checked & reviewed by Sourav

Here is the list of Top 56 Pioneers in Microbiology and their Great Contribution Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723): The First Microbiologist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist who is often considered the father of microbiology. He was the first to observe bacteria and other microorganisms using a microscope that he designed and built himself. … Read more