Microbiology - Biology Notes Online

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance – Mendelian Inheritance

Published on September 8, 2024 Written by BNO Team

Mendelian Inheritance & Mendelian Genetics - Definition, Experiment, Laws, Exceptions

What is Mendelian Inheritance/Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance? Genetics Terminology of Mendelian inheritance These terms clarify how genes operate, how traits are inherited, and the relationship between genetic information and observable characteristics. Download the Cheat sheet pdf Mendel’s Experiment Gregor Mendel’s experiments between 1856 and 1863 laid the foundation for our understanding of genetic inheritance. Using … Read more

Prions – Definition, Structure, Replication, Function, Disease

Last Updated October 14, 2024 • 3 revisions Written by BNO Team

Prions Disease: Definition, Structure, Prevention, Control, Treatment, Transmission.

What are Prions? Definition of Prion A prion is an infectious, misfolded protein that causes neurodegenerative diseases by inducing abnormal folding of normal cellular proteins, leading to the accumulation of these misfolded proteins in the brain. Unlike other infectious agents, prions lack nucleic acids and propagate their abnormal structure through direct protein-protein interactions. Characteristics of … Read more

Animal Cell – Diagram, Structure, Types, Functions

Published on September 1, 2024 Written by BNO Team

Animal Cell Labeled Diagram, Structure, Types, Functions

Animal cell are considered to be the fundamental living species belonging to the kingdom Animalia. They are eukaryotic cells which means they possess an actual nucleus as well as organelles, which are special structures which perform various functions. Animal cells don’t have specific organelles for plants, such as cell walls that support the plant cell or the chloroplasts, an organelle that is responsible for photosynthesis.

Mycorrhiza – Definition, Types, Examples, Importance

Published on August 31, 2024 Written by MN Editors

What is Mycorrhiza? Definition of Mycorrhiza Mycorrhiza refers to the symbiotic association between specific fungi and plant roots, where the fungus aids in nutrient and water uptake for the plant, and in return, the plant provides the fungus with essential nutrients produced through photosynthesis. Types of Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae represent diverse symbiotic associations between fungi and … Read more

Bacillus cereus – Habitat, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Virulence Factors

Published on August 21, 2024 Written by BNO Team

Domain: Bacteria Phylum: “Firmicutes” Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Bacillaceae Genus: Bacillus Species: B. cereus Definition of Bacillus cereus Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that produces toxins leading to foodborne illnesses. It can cause two main types of gastrointestinal disorders: emetic (vomiting) syndrome and diarrheal syndrome. This bacterium is commonly found in soil … Read more

Microvilli – Definition, Structure, Functions and Diagram

Last Updated August 17, 2024 • 0 revisions Written by BNO Team

Microvilli are tiny, finger-like projections found on the surface of epithelial cells throughout the body, particularly in the small intestine. These structures significantly increase the surface area of the cells, enhancing their ability to absorb nutrients and other substances. The primary functions of microvilli include facilitating nutrient absorption, aiding in the process of fertilization, supporting … Read more

Sterilization – Physical and Chemical methods

Published on August 16, 2024 Written by Sourav

What is Sterilization? Important Definitions Methods of Sterilization A. Physical Methods of Sterilization Method Description Key Agents/Processes Applications Sunlight Utilizes ultraviolet rays for germicidal effects. Reduces microorganisms in natural bodies of water. Ultraviolet Rays Water sterilization Heat Involves dry heat and moist heat to kill microorganisms through protein denaturation and coagulation. Dry Heat, Moist Heat … Read more

Physical Methods of Sterilization

Published on August 12, 2024 Written by Sourav

What is Sterilization? Physical methods of sterilization Physical methods of sterilization involves the control of microbial growth by using Sunlight, Heat, Filtration, Radiation, etc. Physical methods of sterilization include the following: A. Heat Sterilization Heat sterilization is a fundamental technique in microbiology and medical sterilization, notable for its efficiency in destroying microorganisms through thermal means. … Read more

Thallus Organisation in Algae – Types, Structure, Examples

Last Updated August 16, 2024 • 0 revisions Written by BNO Team

Overview of cycle between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

What is Algae? What is the thallus organization of algae? Types of thallus organization in Algae The organization of the algal thallus varies considerably across different species. The thallus, or plant body, can be categorized into several distinct types based on its structural complexity and organization. The algal thallus organization can be classified in these … Read more

Methods For Maintenance and Preservation of Pure Cultures

Published on August 11, 2024 Written by Sourav

Discover essential techniques for the Maintenance and Preservation of Pure Cultures, focusing on bacterial and fungal preservation methods. This comprehensive guide covers best practices to ensure the longevity and purity of microbial cultures, making it an invaluable resource for researchers and laboratory professionals. The following points highlight the top 7 methods used for maintenance and … Read more