Classification of Fish (pisces) – Systematic Classification and Based on feeding habit, habitat and manner of reproduction

Position of Fishes in Phylum Chordata

A fish is an aquatic vertebrate which is mostly characterized by the presence of gills throughout life, a streamlined body, and paired as well as unpaired fins which helps in swimming. It is the group that comprises jawless forms like hagfish and lampreys, cartilaginous fishes like sharks and rays, and the bony fishes which is … Read more

Agnatha – Characteristics, Classification, Morphology, Reproduction

Agnatha - Characteristics, Classification, Morphology, Reproduction

Agnatha is the superclass of vertebrates in which true jaws are absent. It is the group that represent the most primitive and earliest craniates, and in this group the mouth parts are simple without any jaw elements. It is the condition where the animals show a very old vertebrate body plan which is already present … Read more

Induced Breeding In Fishes – Principle, Mechanism, Procedure, Advantages

Induced Breeding In Fishes

What Is Induced Breeding (hypophysation)? Induced breeding is the process in which fishes are stimulated to reproduce under controlled conditions when natural spawning does not occur in captivity. It is the technique where hormonal preparations are used to activate the maturation of gonads and to release the gametes. This is referred to as hypophysation because … Read more

Fate of Pyruvate – Acetyl CoA, Lactate, Alcohol Formation

Fate of Pyruvate: Acetyl CoA, Lactate, Alcohol Formation.

The fate of pyruvate is the different metabolic pathway in which pyruvate can enter after it is formed at the end of glycolysis. It is the process that depend on the presence or absence of oxygen in the cell environment. In aerobic condition, pyruvate is moved into the mitochondria where it is converted into Acetyl-CoA, … Read more

Latex agglutination test – Definition, Procedure, Principle, Advantages, Limitation, Uses

latex agglutination test

Latex agglutination test is a simple serological test where antigen and antibody reaction is made visible on the surface of latex particles. It is the process in which latex beads are coated either with antigen or with antibody and when a sample containing the corresponding component is added, the beads is clumped together forming visible … Read more

Career In Microbiology and Its Importance

Career In Microbiology and Its Importance

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and some parasites, and it is the field that explains how these organisms is involved in different biological and environmental activities. A career in microbiology is followed when a person study these microbes and work with them in laboratories or research centers. It is … Read more

Sphenodon – Morphology, Anatomy, Habitat, Distribution, Affinities

Sphenodon - Morphology, Habitat, Affinities

What is Sphenodon? Sphenodon is the reptile that is commonly known as the tuatara, and it is the only living representative of the order Rhynchocephalia. It is the reptile that is found naturally in New Zealand, and it is considered a very old lineage that diverged from other reptiles in ancient geological time. The body … Read more

Brucella – Habitat, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Treatment

Brucella - Habitat, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Treatment

Brucella is a genus of small Gram-negative coccobacilli. It is non-motile and non-spore forming, and it is the organism responsible for a zoonotic disease called brucellosis. It is the process where the bacteria survive as facultative intracellular parasite inside different host cells. These organisms are named after David Bruce and are placed under the family … Read more

Ethnobotany and Legal Aspects

Ethnobotany and Legal Aspects

In this article you will learn about Ethnobotany as a tool to protect interests of ethnic groups. Sharing of wealth concept with few examples from India. Biopiracy, Intellectual Property Rights and Traditional Knowledge. Ethnobotany is the branch of science which deals with the study of how different plants are used by indigenous people for their … Read more