Sourav Pan
What Is Trochophore Larva? Trochophore larva refers as an early free-swimming stage found by many marine invertebrates like annelids, mollusks, etc. It can define as – a small, spherical or pear-shape larva having a ring of cilia (called prototroch) around its middle part. This larva usually formed after fertilization → from the zygote → and … Read more
Pureline selection is a method used in plant breeding where plants are chosen from a single self-pollinated variety to create a population that is genetically uniform. It was first introduced by Johannsen (1903) while working with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The method based on assumption that variation seen in self-pollinated crops is mostly due to environment … Read more
What is Budding? Definition of Budding Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or “bud” on the parent organism, eventually detaching to live independently. Types of Budding I. Types of Biological Budding (Asexual Reproduction) II. Types of Horticultural Budding (Plant Grafting Techniques) 1. Budding in Plants … Read more
What is Nondisjunction? Types of Nondisjunction Causes of Nondisjunction Molecular Biology of Nondisjunction Consequences of Nondisjunction The nondisjunction is the failure when chromosomes don’t separate properly during cell division (like meiosis/mitosis), causing abnormal number of chromosomes in daughter cells. Such imbalance is termed as aneuploidy, sometimes loss of one (monosomy 2n–1) or gain of one … Read more
Membrane Filter Technique can define as a physical separation process, which based mainly on size / molecular weight of particles in a liquid or gas stream. In this method a thin semi-permeable membrane (often made from cellulose nitrate/acetate) is used, and pressure is applied to push the feed solution by it. The smaller components pass … Read more
What is genetic variation? Genetic variation is the differences that are found in the DNA sequences among individuals of the same species. It’s what makes every organism a bit different from others even they belong to same population. Inside populations, variation is mostly caused by mutations, recombination / crossing over (during meiosis), and sometimes by … Read more
What is Artificial Selection? Artificial selection is a process by which humans are intentionally choosing certain organisms / traits for reproduction, it has been used for centuries actually even before the mechanism of genes was understood properly. In artificial selection, individuals that show desirable features (like color, yield, behavior etc.) are allowed to breed, while … Read more
DNA replication is the process by which genetic material is copied before cell division happens, it’s considered essential for inheritance. Among different models, the main ones observed are Theta model, Rolling Circle model, and Linear DNA replication. Each model are used by different organisms or DNA types (like plasmids, viruses, or eukaryotic chromosomes). The three … Read more
What is Geographical Indication? A Geographical Indication (GI) is basically a sign / mark used on products that come from a particular location and have qualities or reputation mainly due to that place. It’s considered as one of the forms of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) which protects names or signs linked with geographic origin rather … Read more
What is Intellectual Property Right? Intellectual Property Right (often shortened as IPR) is described as a legal right that is given to protect creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary works, designs, and symbols used in commerce. Protection is granted so that creators are recognized and rewarded for their work, even when enforcement is … Read more
