Sourav Pan

Learn what a centrosome is, how centrioles and pericentriolar material organize microtubules, and its roles in mitosis, cell organization, and ciliogenesis.

Membrane lipids form the structural basis of biological membranes. Learn their types, bilayer organization, fluidity, asymmetry, signaling roles, and synthesis.

Learn how passive transport moves substances across cell membranes without direct ATP use, including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and examples.

Membrane proteins are proteins found within the lipid bilayer or attached to the surface of biological membranes. They form an important component of the plasma membrane and the membranes surrounding different cell organelles. Based on their association with membrane, the proteins are mainly of three types, integral membrane proteins, peripheral membrane proteins, and lipid-anchored proteins. … Read more

Learn what monocytes are, their structure, three human monocyte types, immune functions, development, normal blood count, and what high or low levels mean.

Learn what the cytoplasmic matrix or cytosol is, its composition and properties, major cellular functions, and how it differs from cytoplasm and cytoskeleton.

Learn the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, from death-receptor activation and DISC formation to caspase-8, executioner caspases, BID crosstalk, and regulation.

Learn how the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is triggered and regulated, from BCL-2 proteins and MOMP to cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9, and cell death.

Learn what platelets (thrombocytes) are, how they are formed, their structure and functions, normal platelet count, and their role in hemostasis and blood clotting.

Storage granules are bacterial cell inclusions that store carbon, phosphate, sulfur, and nitrogen reserves. Learn their types, structure, functions, formation, and identification.