Sourav Pan is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree and an M.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of Calcutta. He creates educational resources covering microbiology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, cell biology, botany, zoology, and other life-science subjects.
His goal is to make complex biological concepts easier to understand through well-structured, student-friendly articles based on academic textbooks, peer-reviewed research, and authoritative scientific sources. In addition to writing new content, he regularly reviews and updates articles to improve their accuracy, clarity, and educational value.
Both kinds of fission are the two types of Asexual reproduction, where the binary fission gives rise to two daughter cells that are derived from the parental cell while in multiple fission the parent cell is the one that gives birth to a number of daughter cells. Binary fission is one the most commonly used … Read more
Budding and Binary Fission are two different forms of asexual reproduction in fungi and bacteria, and. Binary fission can be present in prokaryotes. Budding can be found in the eukaryotes. The primary difference between binary fission as well as budding is that, during binary fission, the parent organism is split into two daughter organisms through … Read more
Through technological advances, The methods for sterilization have changed throughout the decades. There are now many different methods of sterilization employed in laboratories. However, autoclaving using steam is the most popular method for sterilization in the majority of labs. Although autoclaving is a clean rapid, reliable, and cost-effective method of sterilization, without any environmental risks and risks, it is still utilized most often in hospitals. However, there are three commonly employed methods of sterilization that are used: the steam autoclave unsaturated chemical-vapor sterilizer as well as the dry heat sterilizer. This article will only focus on steam autoclaves and dry heat sterilization techniques.
What is Afferent Neuron? What is Efferent Neuron? Similarities Between Afferent and Efferent Difference Between Afferent and Efferent – afferent vs efferent S.No Afferent Neuron Efferent Neuron 1. Afferent Neuron is a types of neurons that carry sensory impulses towards the central nervous system (CNS). Efferent Neuron is a types of neurons that carry motor … Read more
The DNA library is composed of DNA fragments that were transformed into vectors that can recognize and identify specific DNA fragments. There are two kinds of libraries: cDNA or genomic libraries. The genomic DNA libraries contain huge DNA fragments. On the other hand cDNA libraries are made up of reverse-transcribed, cloned mRNA. In the end, … Read more
There are two types of DNA libraries that are constructed by genetic engineers using scientific methods. These can be classified as cDNA libraries as well as Genomic libraries. The major distinction in cDNA as well as Genomic library is the fact that cDNA library is a repository for the complementary DNA cloned from the all … Read more
White blood cells are two of the components of the blood supply in mammals. RBCs (RBCs) are biconcave discs that are circular in shape with hemoglobin-containing pigments to carry oxygen throughout the animal’s body. Oxygen is essential to the catabolism of cells within animals. A portion of carbon dioxide is transported through RBCs. They are created as a waste product in catabolism. They are also known as white blood cells. (WBCs) contain a range of types of cells like leukocytes neutrophils, and monocytes. They are able to differentiate into various defense mechanisms. The major distinction in red and white blood cells lies with their purpose that red blood cells transport oxygen around the human body, whereas white blood cells play a role with the protection of animals by destroying pathogens that attack the body’s cells.
The primary distinction between antigenic drift or antigenic change is the fact that antigenic drift is a way to create change in viruses that is caused by the accumulation of mutations in genes that encode for antigen-binding sites, whereas antigenic shift is a method of combining two kinds of viruses to create one new type that has an assortment of surface antigens of the viruses that were originally.
Hypersensitivity (also known as hypersensitivity response or intolerance) is a term used to describe undesirable reactions that are caused by the immune system, which includes autoimmunity and allergies. These are typically called an overreaction of the immune system, and these reactions can be harmful and uncomfortable. It is an immunologic term , and should not be misinterpreted as a psychiatric term of being hypersensitive, which refers that a person is hypersensitive to physical (ie sounds, touch light, sound, etc.) or emotional stimuli. However, there is a link between the two , studies have demonstrated that with ADHD (a mental disorders) tend to experience hypersensitivity reactions, such as asthma, allergies, or eczema and more than people who don’t have ADHD.
Plasma and serum are two blood derivatives which do not have blood cells such as red blood cells white blood cells and platelets. Both are enriched with proteins, drugs hormones, toxins and electrolytes. Both plasma and serum can be used to treat and diagnose. They are separated from blood using centrifugation, which eliminates the blood’s cellular component. Blood is infused with anticoagulants when it has been transfused to stop the clotting. The serum color is amber, while the plasma color is straw. The primary difference between serum as well as plasma lies in the fact that the latter is a protein-rich liquid that separates when blood is coagulated, whereas plasma forms the liquid part of blood that holds blood cells suspended.