What is Calvin Cycle? The Calvin Cycle, also known as the C3 cycle or Calvin-Benson cycle, is a critical biochemical process in photosynthesis that enables plants to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds, primarily glucose. Named after Melvin Calvin, who discovered the pathway in the 1950s, this cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts in … Read more
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? Classification of HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is classified into two primary types: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both types belong to the Retroviridae family, specifically under the genus Lentivirus. These viruses exhibit significant diversity, which is crucial for understanding their epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and treatment options. Morphology of HIV Virus … Read more
Classification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis The genus Mycobacterium comprises over 70 species, several of which are pathogenic to humans. The most notable among these is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (TB). Understanding the classification of M. tuberculosis and its related species is crucial for medical research and public health. Culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis The … Read more
What is Osmosis? Definition of Osmosis Osmosis is the spontaneous movement of solvent molecules, typically water, through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration, aiming to equalize solute concentrations on both sides. How Does Osmosis Work? Osmosis is a fundamental process that facilitates the … Read more
What is Enzyme? Factors That Affects Enzyme Activity Enzyme activity, a crucial aspect of biological processes, is influenced by several key factors that dictate the rate and efficiency of enzymatic reactions. Understanding these factors is vital for comprehending the intricacies of enzyme functioning. Let us delve into the six main factors that affect enzyme activity: … Read more
What is Collagen? Definition of Collagen Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, providing structural support to connective tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, and ligaments. It consists of a triple helix of amino acids, forming a framework that maintains the integrity and elasticity of various tissues. Collagen plays crucial roles in wound … Read more
What is Protein? Classification of protein On the Basis of Structure 1. Fibrous protein Fibrous proteins are a distinct category of proteins characterized by their elongated or fiber-like structure. These proteins are primarily found in animals and play specific roles in structural support. Therefore, understanding their nature, structure, and function is essential for a comprehensive … Read more
What Is a Peptide Bond? Definition of Peptide Bond A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the α-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the α-amino group of another, resulting in the release of a water molecule. This bond links amino acids together in a peptide or protein chain and is characterized by … Read more
What are Amino Acids? Definition of Amino Acids Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They consist of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms and play essential roles in the proper functioning of living organisms. List of 20 Amino acids with the chemical formula Alanine C3H7NO2 Leucine C6H13NO2 Aspartic Acid … Read more
What are Viruses? Origins of Viruses Viruses have likely existed since the earliest life forms and have evolved alongside cellular organisms. Due to their lack of fossil records, the origins of viruses remain unclear, and scientists use molecular biology techniques to explore their evolutionary history. Three primary hypotheses attempt to explain how viruses may have … Read more
We've detected that you are using AdBlock Plus or some other adblocking software which is preventing the page from fully loading.
We don't have any banner, Flash, animation, obnoxious sound, or popup ad. We do not implement these annoying types of ads!
We need money to operate the site, and almost all of it comes from our online advertising.
Please add biologynotesonline.com to your ad blocking whitelist or disable your adblocking software.