In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick made a groundbreaking contribution to the understanding of DNA structure. By combining physical and chemical data, they proposed a model for DNA as a double helix, a twisted molecule consisting of two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds. This model revolutionized our knowledge of genetics and unlocked … Read more
What are plasmids? In addition to the chromosome (nucleoid) of bacteria, the cytoplasm of bacterial cells typically contains genetic components. These genetic components live independently of the chromosome and proliferate as plasmids. or Plasmids are double-stranded, self-replicating DNA segments with a few kilobases that are often found in gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains, as well … Read more
What are exons? The history of the term “exon” dates back to 1978 when Walter Gilbert, an American biochemist, introduced the concept. Gilbert proposed a new perspective on the structure of genes, suggesting that the traditional idea of a cistron should be replaced by a transcription unit consisting of regions that would be lost from … Read more
What is RNA splicing? In order for mRNA to be translated into a protein, RNA splicing removes the intervening, non-coding sections of genes (introns) from pre-mRNA and links the protein-coding sequences (exons) together. Facts of RNA splicing What is Intron? What is Exon? What is Spliceosome? Types of Spliceosome There are two types of spliceosomes: … Read more
What is RNA? Definition of RNA RNA, or Ribonucleic acid, is a nucleic acid molecule that plays a crucial role in gene expression and protein synthesis. It is a single-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides, including adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). RNA carries genetic information from DNA and acts as a template … Read more
What is Nucleoside? A nucleoside is a molecule composed of a pentose sugar linked to a nitrogenous base or glycosylamine. It can be considered as a nucleotide without a phosphate group. Nucleosides are essential components of DNA and RNA, playing a vital role in the storage and transmission of genetic information. In DNA, the nucleosides … Read more
What is gab operon? Structure of gab operon There are three structural genes that make up the gab operon: Regulation of gab operon Differential Regulation of Promoters The expression of the genes in the operon is controlled by three promoters that work in different ways. Two of these promoters are controlled by the sigma factor … Read more
What is a Monohybrid Cross? A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between individuals who differ in only one trait or allele set. It is the study of inheritance patterns for a single trait, typically with a focus on a single gene with two opposing alleles. In a monohybrid cross, two heterozygous (having two distinct … Read more
Gene mapping, also known as genome mapping or genome mapping, is an important technique used by scientists to establish the location of genes on a chromosome. It entails determining the location of a gene, quantifying the distance between genes, and establishing landmarks within the genome. Just like landmarks help us make our way around a … Read more
DNA has long been regarded as a critical component in gene therapy. A recent discovery, however, has thrown light on a strange type of DNA that persists in its surrounding environment without any protein or lipid bonds. Because of its possible applications in gene therapy trials, this phenomenon, known as “naked DNA,” has piqued the … Read more
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