Sourav Pan is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree and an M.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of Calcutta. He creates educational resources covering microbiology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, cell biology, botany, zoology, and other life-science subjects.
His goal is to make complex biological concepts easier to understand through well-structured, student-friendly articles based on academic textbooks, peer-reviewed research, and authoritative scientific sources. In addition to writing new content, he regularly reviews and updates articles to improve their accuracy, clarity, and educational value.
What is Radioimmunoassay (RIA)? Dfinition of Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a highly sensitive laboratory technique that uses radioisotopes to detect and measure the concentration of antigens or antibodies in a sample. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Principle The principle of radioimmunoassay (RIA) is based on competitive binding, specificity, and sensitivity. In RIA, a radioactive antigen, also known as … Read more
To determine the presence or absence of antigens or antibodies in a patient, many tests have been developed that use the interaction of antibodies and antigens. These tests require specificity and sensitivity. Specificity refers to the property of only binding to one antigen. Sensitivity means that the antibody can recognize and bind the antigen.
Cooked Meat Medium was originally developed by Robertson to cultivate specific anaerobes isolated from wounds.
The current formulation is a modified version, sometimes referred to by the name of Chopped Meat Medium, which allows for the growth of a variety of spores and non-spore-forming strict anaerobes.
Nutrient agar is an essential culture medium that is commonly used for the cultivation of non-fastidious microorganisms. It can also be used to ensure quality control and quality prior to serological or biochemical tests.
A viral transport medium (VTM) is an essential nutrient that is used to transport and sustain the viability of samples (viruses) to an laboratory for analysis and identification of the specimen.
Moeller introduced the decarboxylase media to detect the ability of bacteria to decarboxylate amino acid. They were used for the first time to detect lysine, ornithine, and arginine decarboxylases among Enterobacteriaceae bacteria.
What is Columbia CNA Agar? Columbia CNA Agar with 5% Sheep Blood Composition of Columbia CNA Agar per Liter of Medium The composition of Columbia CNA Agar can be summarized as follows, considering the information provided: Ingredients: The base of Columbia CNA Agar is prepared using a nutritionally rich medium that includes different peptones to … Read more
What is Bile Esculin Agar (BEA)? Bile Esculin Agar (BEA) Composition Bile Esculin Agar (BEA) contains the following ingredients per liter of the medium: The final pH of the medium, when measured at 25°C, is approximately 6.6±0.2. These specific components and their concentrations are carefully selected to create a medium that is selective and differential … Read more
What is Columbia Blood Agar Base? Principle of Columbia Blood Agar Base The principle of Columbia Blood Agar Base lies in its composition and functionality in supporting the growth and differentiation of various bacterial species. Here are the key principles of Columbia Blood Agar Base: Composition of Columbia Blood Agar Base Ingredients Gms/Litre Peptone special … Read more
What is Simmons Citrate Agar? Composition of Simmons Citrate Agar Ingredients Gms/liter Magnesium sulfate 0.200 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 1.000 Dipotassium phosphate 1.000 Sodium citrate 2.000 Sodium chloride 5.000 Bromothymol blue 0.080 Agar 15.000 Final pH ( at 25°C) 6.8±0.2 Principle of Simmons Citrate Agar The principle of Simmons Citrate Agar revolves around the ability of … Read more
