What is Sanger Sequencing? Principle of Sanger Sequencing The principle of Sanger sequencing is rooted in the termination of DNA strand elongation by dideoxynucleotide triphosphates (ddNTPs). These ddNTPs are modified versions of normal DNA nucleotides that lack a 3’ hydroxyl group, which is essential for forming a phosphodiester bond. Without this bond, the DNA strand … Read more
What is Whole Genome Sequencing? Principle of Whole Genome Sequencing The principle of whole genome sequencing (WGS) revolves around the complete sequencing of an organism’s DNA, encompassing both coding and non-coding regions. This method provides a thorough understanding of the genome, detailing the genes, regulatory elements, and variations present. WGS begins with the extraction of … Read more
This edition provides various aspects of biotechnology and microbiology written in a simple and lucid style to help the reader grasp the information quickly and easily. The book contains 22 chapters and each chapter presents updated material sufficient to meet the students expectations from a basic textbook. Chapters 14, 16, 18, and 20 have been updated including some new additional material. Two new chapters, 21 and 22, have been added that deal with the microbial pesticides and biofertilisers, respectively. All the previous chapters have been revised and updated. An updated index has been included to give more importance to the book. This edition of the book will prove to be very useful reading material for all students, teachers, professionals, researchers, industrialists, scientists involved in chemical engineering, biochemical engineering, environmental science, microbiology, biotechnology and life science. All the tables and figures have been newly redrawn to give full clarity to and good understanding of the topics. Most importantly, this book has been printed in two colours, it will give more impact to the students. The book also caters to the requirement of the syllabus prescribed by various Indian universities for undergraduates and postgraduates who are pursuing these courses.
What are Liverworts? Habitat of Liverworts Liverworts, being bryophytes, exhibit a preference for moist environments due to their susceptibility to desiccation. Their plant bodies lack complete protection against drying out, necessitating habitats that provide abundant moisture. Consequently, liverworts thrive in shady, humid areas where the soil remains consistently damp. Common habitats for liverworts include: Types … Read more
Maintaining an emphasis on the principles of microbiology, this second edition of the text has been expanded to cover biodiversity as well as integrating more molecular detail
Bacterial Cell Wall Characteristics of Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan is a fundamental component of bacterial cell walls, forming a complex, mesh-like structure known as the sacculus. This structure is crucial for maintaining cell shape and integrity. Here are the key characteristics of peptidoglycan: Cell membrane of Gram-Positive Cell Wall The cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria is a … Read more
Archaeal Cell Wall Introduction One Membrane Archaea Double Membranes of Archaea What is S-Layer? The S-layer, or surface layer, is a fundamental component of the cell envelope in many archaea and some bacteria. It represents one of the most common cell wall variations, particularly among Crenarchaea. This layer consists primarily of proteins that self-assemble into … Read more
What is Cell Wall? Definition of Cell Wall A cell wall is a rigid, protective layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plants, fungi, algae, and some prokaryotes, providing structural support, shape, and protection. Bacterial Cell Wall Types Based on the result of gram staining it is stated that there are two types of cell … Read more
This best-selling undergraduate textbook provides an introduction to key experimental techniques from across the biosciences. It uniquely integrates the theories and practices that drive the fields of biology and medicine, comprehensively covering both the methods students will encounter in lab classes and those that underpin recent advances and discoveries.
