Membrane Carbohydrate – Types, Structure, and Function
Membranes are made up composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids that are held together with the help of binding forces.
Microbiology
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Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell
In the previous article we learned about cell structure and functions. Now in this article we will learn about Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Introduction Hey, if I told you, that you are surrounded by 100 trillion bacterial cells, would you believe? Yes, If you look closer than you will find trillions of bacterial cells on … Read more
Cell Structure and Functions – Cell Organelles
A cell is like the tiny building block that makes up all living things, from plants and animals to bacteria. Imagine it as a microscopic bag filled with stuff that keeps life going. Every cell has a thin outer layer called a membrane, which holds everything inside and controls what goes in or out. Inside, … Read more
List of Top Biotechnology Techniques
Principles Of Biotechnology Biotechnology has grown and changed a lot over the years. The old way of doing it was to use microbes to make products that people could use. Now, the new way is to use genes to make vaccines. So, the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has come up with a new definition … Read more
Biosafety Guidelines – Biosafety guidelines and regulations
Biosafety guidelines provide guidelines, policies, and procedures that must be observed by all personnel who work in facilities handling microbiological agents, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, fungi and prions. These guidelines are required for all institutions, including clinical and microbiological labs, biomedical research laboratories, teaching and training laboratories, and other healthcare institutions (e.g. hospitals, … Read more
Biosafety Cabinet – Definition, Classification (Class I, II, III), Working Mechanism, Application, Features.
What is Biosafety Cabinet? A biosafety cabinet (BSC), also known as a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet, is a specialized laboratory workspace designed to handle materials contaminated with or potentially contaminated with pathogens requiring a specific biosafety level. The primary purpose of a biosafety cabinet is to provide a safe working environment for … Read more
P-value – definition, significance, formula, table, finding p-value
Definition of p-value The p-value, or estimated probability represents the most reliable probability of providing the lowest amount of significance, that the null hypothesis isn’t the case. Formula of p-value How to find p-value? P-values can be determined through comparing test results against the table of p-values for various scores. The scores calculated by the … Read more
Hypotonic Solution – Definition, Importance, Examples
What is hypotonic solution? Definition of Hypotonic solution A hypotonic solution is one that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution, leading to a net movement of water into the region of higher solute concentration, typically across a semipermeable membrane. What Happens to Cells when it is placed in a hypotonic Solution? When … Read more
Tonicity – Definition, Types, Examples
To function properly, cells must be kept turgid. To function properly, a well-watered plant will grow and produce fruits and flowers. A plant that is not watered for several days will wilt and eventually die. This happens because water leaves the cell and causes the cell to lose its turgidity. Based on the concentration of … Read more
Autotrophs – Definition, Types, Importance, Examples
What is An Autotroph? Definition of Autotroph An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own complex organic compounds (like carbohydrates) using simple substances such as carbon dioxide, typically through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, without relying on external sources for carbon or energy. Types of Autotrophs Autotrophs, which are organisms that make their … Read more