What is Genetic Engineering? Definition of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the deliberate manipulation of an organism’s DNA using advanced techniques to modify, add, or remove specific genes, resulting in desired genetic traits or functions. Basic Tools of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering involves the manipulation and transfer of genes from one organism to another. To … Read more
What is DNA polymerase I? Definition of DNA polymerase I DNA polymerase I (Pol I) is an enzyme found in prokaryotes that plays a role in DNA replication and repair, primarily assisting in the removal of RNA primers and filling in the resulting gaps with DNA nucleotides. Structure of DNA polymerase I Mechanism of DNA … Read more
What is Recombinant DNA? Definition of Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a form of DNA constructed in the laboratory by joining genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences not naturally found in any organism. Characterisitcs Features of Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA (rDNA) refers to the formation of new combinations of DNA sequences that are … Read more
What is Chromosome Mapping? Chromosome mapping is a pivotal technique in genetics that determines the relative positions of genes on a chromosome. This process involves creating maps that systematically organize and elucidate genetic information on chromosomes. These maps not only depict the positions of genes but also the distances between them, scaled to a specific … Read more
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick made a groundbreaking contribution to the understanding of DNA structure. By combining physical and chemical data, they proposed a model for DNA as a double helix, a twisted molecule consisting of two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds. This model revolutionized our knowledge of genetics and unlocked … Read more
What are exons? The history of the term “exon” dates back to 1978 when Walter Gilbert, an American biochemist, introduced the concept. Gilbert proposed a new perspective on the structure of genes, suggesting that the traditional idea of a cistron should be replaced by a transcription unit consisting of regions that would be lost from … Read more
What is RNA splicing? In order for mRNA to be translated into a protein, RNA splicing removes the intervening, non-coding sections of genes (introns) from pre-mRNA and links the protein-coding sequences (exons) together. Facts of RNA splicing What is Intron? What is Exon? What is Spliceosome? Types of Spliceosome There are two types of spliceosomes: … Read more
What is RNA? Definition of RNA RNA, or Ribonucleic acid, is a nucleic acid molecule that plays a crucial role in gene expression and protein synthesis. It is a single-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides, including adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). RNA carries genetic information from DNA and acts as a template … Read more
What is Nucleoside? A nucleoside is a molecule composed of a pentose sugar linked to a nitrogenous base or glycosylamine. It can be considered as a nucleotide without a phosphate group. Nucleosides are essential components of DNA and RNA, playing a vital role in the storage and transmission of genetic information. In DNA, the nucleosides … Read more
What is gab operon? Structure of gab operon There are three structural genes that make up the gab operon: Regulation of gab operon Differential Regulation of Promoters The expression of the genes in the operon is controlled by three promoters that work in different ways. Two of these promoters are controlled by the sigma factor … Read more
