Organic waste adds to greenhouse gas emissions, soil and water contamination, and other environmental problems. Composting, anaerobic digestion, and vermicomposting are among the methods that can be used to manage organic waste. What is Organic waste? Organic waste refers to any waste material that originates from living organisms or their byproducts. This waste can be … Read more
What is lignin? Structure of lignin Biological function of lignin Factors affecting lignin degradation The degradation of lignin is influenced by a variety of factors. Some of the important factors that affect lignin degradation are: Lignin-degradating Microorganisms The biological breakdown of lignin is an extremely crucial component of the intricate carbon and oxygen cycle that … Read more
What is cellulose? (C6H10O5)n Cellulose Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass 162.1406 g/mol Density 1.5 g/cm³ Appears White powder Melting Point 260–270 °C Properties of cellulose Structure of cellulose Commercial applications of cellulose What are cellulases? Factors affecting cellulose degradation Microorganisms involved in cellulose degradation/cellulolytic microorganisms Cellulose degradation is primarily carried out by cellulolytic microorganisms, which are … Read more
In microbiology, the phyllosphere is the complete above-ground plant surface seen as a microorganism habitat. Other subdivisions of the phyllosphere include the caulosphere (stems), phylloplane (leaves), anthosphere (flowers), and carposphere (roots) (fruits). The rhizosphere and laimosphere are the below-ground microbial habitats (i.e., the thin volume of soil surrounding root or subterranean stem surfaces). The majority … Read more
Definition of Soil Formation The process through which soil grows over time from weathered rock, organic matter, and other components in the environment is known as soil formation. This process involves the interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes that transform basic materials into a complex, living environment that supports the growth of plants and … Read more
Hemicellulose is a complex carbohydrate that is found in plant cell walls. It is a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharides comprising, among others, xyloglucans, xylans, and glucomannans. In contrast to cellulose, which consists of long chains of glucose molecules, hemicellulose is composed of a variety of sugar molecules, including xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, and glucuronic acid. … Read more
What is chitin? Structure of chitin What are Chitinases? Factors affecting chitin degradation Chitin degradation can be influenced by several factors, including: Microorganisms Involved in Chitin Degradation Chitin, a complex polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi, insects, and other invertebrates, is an important source of carbon and nitrogen for many microorganisms. Several types … Read more
Industrial fermentation processes leverage a wide array of raw materials, with a significant emphasis on utilizing cost-effective and readily available sources. Among these, agricultural by-products stand out due to their abundance and potential for repurposing. The interest in these materials stems from several key factors: The concept of transforming ‘wastes into resources’ is not just … Read more
When a microorganism starts to synthesize toxin, they are called microbial toxins, such as bacteria and fungi. There are few bacteria that can produce the most potent natural toxins such as Botulinum neurotoxins. However, the bacterial toxin has some medical importance that is why they are used in medical science and research. What Is Toxin? … Read more
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