Learn what cell theory means, its three fundamental principles, the scientists who developed it, modern extensions, examples, and important limits involving viruses and the origin of cells.
Plasmolysis is a process in which the protoplast of a plant cell shrinks away from the cell wall because of loss of water from the cell. It occurs when a living plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution having lower water potential than that of the cell. During this process, water moves out from
Learn what happens during telophase, including chromosome decondensation, nuclear-envelope reformation, spindle changes, cytokinesis, and telophase I and II.
Learn what cell fusion is, how cells merge, its major types and outcomes, natural examples, laboratory methods, applications, and biological significance.
Learn what a centrosome is, how centrioles and pericentriolar material organize microtubules, and its roles in mitosis, cell organization, and ciliogenesis.
Membrane lipids form the structural basis of biological membranes. Learn their types, bilayer organization, fluidity, asymmetry, signaling roles, and synthesis.
Learn how passive transport moves substances across cell membranes without direct ATP use, including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and examples.
Membrane proteins are proteins found within the lipid bilayer or attached to the surface of biological membranes. They form an important component of the plasma membrane and the membranes surrounding different cell organelles. Based on their association with membrane, the proteins are mainly of three types, integral membrane proteins, peripheral membrane proteins, and lipid-anchored proteins.
Learn what monocytes are, their structure, three human monocyte types, immune functions, development, normal blood count, and what high or low levels mean.
Learn what the cytoplasmic matrix or cytosol is, its composition and properties, major cellular functions, and how it differs from cytoplasm and cytoskeleton.
