Iron and Manganese Cycles – Steps, Importance
Importance Iron Cycle Manganese and Mercury Cycles Couple Iron-Manganese cycle References
Composting – Methods, Types, Factors, Importance
What is Composting? Important ingredients required for function of Microorganisms Mechanism of Composting Organisms can decompose organic materials in compost if the proper mixture of water, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen is present. There are two basic groups of decomposers: chemical decomposers, which execute chemical processes on organic waste, and physical decomposers, which reduce trash to … Read more
Solid Waste Management
What is Solid Waste Management? Management of solid waste is the collection, treatment, and disposal of solid material that has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can result in unsanitary circumstances, which in turn can lead to environmental contamination and outbreaks of vector-borne diseases, which are transmitted … Read more
Oxidation Pond – Definition, Mechanisms
What is Oxidation Pond? Mechanism of Waste Treatment Understanding the following processes will facilitate comprehension of the oxidation pond’s mechanism or operation. Based on the two mechanisms described above, it is evident that algae and bacteria fulfil one other’s needs. The bacteria oxidise the biodegradable organics with the oxygen generated by the algae. The bacterial … Read more
Waste Source, Definition, Types, Impacts
What is waste? Types of Waste Based on its physical properties On the basis of their physical features, trash can be classified as solid waste (such as garbage), liquid waste (such as wastewater), and gaseous waste. Based on pattern of use Based on the pattern of use, it can be classified into Based on source … Read more
Degradation of Pesticides – Types, Mechanisms
What are Pesticides? any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals, causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport, or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs; … Read more
Degradation of Hydrocarbons (oil spills)
Types of Hydrocarbon Crude petroleum HCs can be categorised as alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, polycyclic aromatics, asphaltines, and resins. Alkanes Cycloalkanes Aromatic HCs Polycyclic aromatic HC Asphaltines and resins Effects of Hydrocarbon The ecological and/or economic effects of direct or indirect exposure of live creatures to hydrocarbon molecules can vary. Principles of Bioremediation Oil Spill Cleaning … Read more
Sewage Treatment – Wastewater Treatment Procedure
Wastewater treatment or Sewage Treatment Characteristics of Wastewater Chemical Characteristics Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Microbiological Character Wastewater Treatment Process Diverse wastewater treatment technologies exist. We shall explain the treatment methods as they pertain to two distinct circumstances: (1) a single home or unit structure, and (2) a community or municipality. 1. Single Dwelling Unit Anaerobic … Read more
Liquid Waste Management
Fluid wastes consisting of sewage and residential wastewater, or treated water or other liquids, generated by industrial operations, particularly in the pulp and paper industry, the food processing industry, and the chemical manufacturing industry. What is Liquid Waste Management? Characteristics of Sewage/Liquid Waste In sewage, the death of oxygen-dependent organisms such as aerobic microbes, plants, … Read more
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
What is Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)? Mechanism of action of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) The synthesis of different chemicals alters the entire microbial community in the rhizosphere niche to facilitate PGPR-mediated plant growth promotion. In general, PGPR stimulates plant growth either directly by enabling resource acquisition (nitrogen, phosphorus, and critical minerals) or indirectly … Read more