Incinerator is a special type of furnace used for burning waste materials. It is used for hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. The burning is done in a controlled combustion chamber at very high temperature. The process is called incineration. In this process, different wastes like solid garbage, soil, sludge, liquids and gases are burned. After burning, … Read more
Laboratory hot plate is a portable table top instrument used for heating samples, chemicals and reagents. It gives heat slowly and safely. It is used instead of open flame. It has a flat heating surface. The surface may be made up of ceramic, aluminium, polypropylene or stainless steel. A heating element is present below the … Read more
Laboratory refrigerators and freezers are special cooling instruments used in research, medical and scientific laboratories. They are used for storing temperature sensitive materials. Biological samples, vaccines, chemicals and reagents are preserved in them. They are different from normal household refrigerators. Laboratory refrigerators and freezers are made for accurate and stable cooling. They have uniform cooling, … Read more
Pipette is a precision laboratory instrument used for measuring, transferring and dispensing small amount of liquid. The word pipette is taken from French word, which means little pipe. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology and medical research work. Pipette is used for measuring liquid in millilitre or microlitre range. It helps to take accurate … Read more
Inoculating loops and needles are hand held laboratory instruments used in microbiology. These are used to pick and transfer small amount of microorganisms from one culture medium to another. The small amount of microorganism which is transferred is called inoculum. These instruments are also called smear loops, inoculation wands or microstreakers. They have a handle, … Read more
Colorimeter is a light sensitive analytical instrument used to measure absorbance and transmittance of light. It measures selected wavelength of light when it passes through a coloured solution. It is mainly used for finding the concentration of coloured solution. The working of colorimeter is based on Beer-Lambert law. According to this law, the amount of … Read more
Hot air oven is a specialized laboratory and industrial equipment used for dry heat sterilization, drying and thermal processing. It is an electrical device having thermostatically controlled insulated chamber, where hot air is circulated. The normal temperature range is about 50°C to 300°C. It is mainly used for sterilization of materials which are heat-resistant but … Read more
Gel electrophoresis system is a laboratory setup used for separation of charged biological molecules. It is used for DNA, RNA and proteins. It contains a gel box, gel matrix, running buffer and power supply. The gel matrix may be agarose or polyacrylamide. The buffer conducts electric current and keeps the molecules moving properly. When electric … Read more
Alcohol burner is a small laboratory heating instrument used for gentle heating and sterilization. It is also called spirit lamp. It is made up of glass, brass, aluminium or stainless steel. It has a fuel reservoir and a cap with cotton wick. Some burners may also have wickless copper tube. The fuel used in alcohol … Read more
Bunsen burner is a laboratory instrument used for heating, sterilization and burning of substances. It gives an open flame. The flame can be controlled by changing the air supply. It uses gas like natural gas, propane or butane. The gas enters into the burner tube and mixes with air. Then the mixture burns at the … Read more
