Cell Organelles Structure and their Functions
91 min read 
Your body is currently doing a lot of things simultaneously. Your body is sending electrical impulses, pumping blood and filtering urine.
Microbiology
Topics Under This Category
- Agricultural Microbiology
- Bacteriology
- Basic Microbiology
- Biochemistry
- Amino Acids
- Carbohydrate
- Enzymes
- Fatty Acid
- Hormone
- Lipids
- Metabolic Process
- Pathways
- Proteins
- Thermodynamics
- Vitamin
- Bioinformatics
- Biotechnology
- Cell Biology
- Blood Cells
- Disease
- Ecology
- Environmental Microbiology
- Biogeochemical Cycling
- Ecosystem
- Microbial Bioremediation
- Microbial Interactions
- Microorganisms and their Habitats
- Waste Management
- Epidemiology
- Food Microbiology
- Genetics
- Immunology
- Industrial microbiology
- Intellectual Property Rights
- Medical Microbiology
- Microbiologists
- Microscope
- Molecular biology
- Mycology
- Parasitology
- Parasitic Arthropoda
- Parasitic Nematodes
- Parasitic Platyhelminthes
- Parasitic Protists
- Phycology
- Prions
- Protozoa
- Virology
91 min read
Gram-Negative Bacteria – Structure, Characteristics, Examples
19 min read 
Gram-negative bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms known for their unique cell structure, which plays a key role in how they interact with the environment and cause infections. Unlike Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer sandwiched between two membranes. The outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can trigger strong immune responses … Read more
Krebs Cycle – Definition, Steps, Products, Regulation
10 min read 
Ever wondered how your cells turn the food you eat into usable energy? Let’s break down the Krebs cycle—a cornerstone of cellular respiration—and answer the questions you’ve been searching for. Also known as the citric acid cycle, this process is a series of chemical reactions that extract energy from nutrients. But where does this critical … Read more
Gram Positive bacteria – Definition, Structure, Characteristics, Examples
5 revisions 19 min read 
Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria classified based on how they react to a lab test called the Gram stain. When stained, these bacteria hold onto a purple dye because of their thick, mesh-like cell wall made of peptidoglycan. This sturdy layer acts like a protective shield, unlike Gram-negative bacteria, which have thinner walls … Read more
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) – Life Cycle, Symptoms, Vector, Management
6 revisions 20 min read 
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV), caused by the pathogen Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus, is a devastating threat to global agriculture, particularly affecting crops like tomatoes, peppers, and potatoes. Recognized by its scientific name in research, this virus spreads rapidly through thrips, its primary insect vector, making tomato spotted wilt virus transmission a major concern for farmers. Early identification of tomato spotted wilt virus … Read more
Multiphoton Microscopy – Principle, Parts, Steps, Applications
15 min read 
Multiphoton microscopy is a cutting-edge imaging technique widely used in biology and medicine to study living tissues with minimal harm. Instead of relying on single high-energy photons like conventional microscopes, this method harnesses multiple low-energy photons that act together to produce a fluorescent signal. The trick lies in timing—when these photons strike a molecule simultaneously, … Read more
Normal Flora of Mouth and Gastrointestinal Tract
8 min read 
The normal flora, or microbiota, in the mouth and gut refers to the community of tiny organisms—like bacteria, fungi, and viruses—that naturally live in these areas without causing harm. In the mouth, hundreds of species thrive, especially in warm, moist spots like the tongue, teeth, and gums. Common bacteria include Streptococcus, which helps break down food … Read more
Human Skin Microbiome – Normal Flora of Skin, Hair, and Nail
5 min read 
typical flora of skin, hair, and nails is the stable community of microorganisms—mostly bacteria and fungus—that live on the outside surfaces of the human body without causing damage under typical circumstances. These communities, sometimes referred to as the skin microbiome, occupy ecological niches, fight against infections, and generate molecules that stop microbial invasion, therefore safeguarding … Read more
Eye and Ear Microbiome – Normal Flora of Eye & Ear
2 revisions 9 min read 
What is Eye and Ear Microbiota (Microbiome) or Normal Flora of Eye & Ear? Normal Flora of the Ear Microorganism Type Category Staphylococcus spp. Gram-positive Bacteria Alloiococcus otitis Gram-positive Bacteria Corynebacterium spp. Gram-positive Bacteria Microbacterium spp. Gram-positive Bacteria Bacillus spp. Gram-positive Bacteria Arthrobacter spp. Gram-positive Bacteria Turicella otitidis Gram-positive Bacteria Micrococcus spp. Gram-positive Bacteria Moraxella … Read more
Human Microbiome and Normal Flora of Human Body
26 min read 
The human body is home to trillions of tiny organisms, like bacteria, fungi, and viruses, that live on the skin, in the mouth, gut, and other areas. This community of microbes is called the human microbiome. Most of these organisms aren’t harmful—in fact, many are essential for health. They help digest food, produce vitamins, and even … Read more