Immunological techniques is the set of laboratory methods that is based on the specific antigen–antibody reaction, and it is used to detect, identify or measure different biological substances in a sample. It is the process where an antibody binds with its corresponding antigen and this binding is used for locating proteins, hormones, pathogens or other … Read more
Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) is the process in which proteins of a biological sample are first separated by electrophoresis and then allowed to react with specific antibodies inside a gel. It is the technique combining electrophoresis with immunodiffusion. In this method the sample like serum is placed on an agarose gel and an electric field is applied, … Read more
What is Production Media? Production media is the nutrient-rich medium used to support the large-scale growth of microorganisms or cell cultures for the purpose of producing useful biological substances. It is designed in such a way that optimum growth conditions is maintained, and the metabolic activities of the organisms is supported for yielding products like … Read more
What is Gal operon? The galactose operon is the unit in bacteria that is responsible for the metabolism of D-galactose, and it is organized with four structural genes (galE, galT, galK and galM). It is the process where these genes are required both for catabolic breakdown of galactose and for anabolic formation of compounds like … Read more
Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules, and it is the process where RNA itself act as an enzyme in different biochemical reactions. It is the first biological evidence that RNA can work both as a genetic material and also as a catalyst. This is referred to as the dual activity of RNA, and it gives support … Read more
The fate of pyruvate is the different metabolic pathway in which pyruvate can enter after it is formed at the end of glycolysis. It is the process that depend on the presence or absence of oxygen in the cell environment. In aerobic condition, pyruvate is moved into the mitochondria where it is converted into Acetyl-CoA, … Read more
Agglutination Test is a serological test in which the antigen and antibody reaction is seen directly as visible clumping. It is the process where particulate antigen reacts with its homologous antibody and form aggregates called agglutinates. These aggregates can be seen with naked eyes. This reaction is specific because the antigen combines only with the … Read more
Industrial microbiology is the use of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeast for producing useful materials on a large scale. It is the process where these microbes are grown under controlled conditions so that they can convert raw materials into different products. It is the process mainly linked with fermentation and other bioconversion methods, and … Read more
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and some parasites, and it is the field that explains how these organisms is involved in different biological and environmental activities. A career in microbiology is followed when a person study these microbes and work with them in laboratories or research centers. It is … Read more
Brucella is a genus of small Gram-negative coccobacilli. It is non-motile and non-spore forming, and it is the organism responsible for a zoonotic disease called brucellosis. It is the process where the bacteria survive as facultative intracellular parasite inside different host cells. These organisms are named after David Bruce and are placed under the family … Read more
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