What is IR Spectroscopy? Principle of IR Spectroscopy The basic principle is that molecules absorb infrared (IR) radiation when the frequency of the radiation matches a vibration of a chemical bond in the molecule. Vibrations in molecules (stretching, bending, twisting) are possible because atoms are held by bonds and the atoms move relative to each … Read more
What is NMR Spectroscopy (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy)? Principle of NMR Spectroscopy Working of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Instrumentation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy How to read an NMR spectrum and what it tells you? The horizontal axis (x-axis) of a ¹H or ¹³C spectrum is labelled in ppm (parts per million) and the … Read more
What is Thin Layer Chromatography? Principle of thin layer chromatography Components of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 1. Stationary Phase – The stationary phase is usually made by coating a thin layer of silica gel, alumina, or cellulose on a glass plate, metal sheet, or plastic film. The layer act as an adsorbent, where separation of … Read more
What is Paper Chromatography? Types of Paper chromatography 1. Ascending paper chromatography – In this type the solvent is placed at bottom of paper and it is allowed to climb up by capillary action, the components are separated as they move upward. 2. Descending paper chromatography – In this variation the solvent moves downwards (by … Read more
What is Gamma-ray Spectroscopy? Gamma-ray spectroscopy can define as a analytical technique which is used for identifying and quantifying the gamma radiation emitted by radioactive materials. It deals with measurement of energy and intensity of γ-rays coming from atomic nucleus. In this method, the emission of gamma (γ) photons from unstable nuclei is measured to … Read more
What is X-Ray Spectroscopy? History of X-ray spectroscopy X Ray Spectroscopy Principle – Principle of x ray spectroscopy How X-ray spectroscopy works Instrumentation of X-Ray Spectroscopy 1. X–ray Source – It is mainly used for production of X–rays. Usually a X–ray tube or sometimes a synchrotron is used. In the tube, high energy electrons are accelerated … Read more
What is Gel Filtration Chromatography? Principle of Gel Filtration Chromatography – Gel Filtration chromatography principle The principle of Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC) can define as separation of molecules mainly depending by their molecular size / shape when passed by a porous gel medium. The stationary phase used is made of porous beads (like dextran, agarose … Read more
What is Gel Permeation Chromatography? Gel Permeation Chromatography Principle Instrumentation of Gel Permeation Chromatography 1. Stationary Phase –It composed of semi-permeable and porous polymer gel beads having defined pore size ranges. The stationary phase must be chemically inert and mechanically strong so it not collapse under pressure. A uniform particle and pore size is desired … Read more
What is Centrifugal force? Definition of Centrifugal force Centrifugal force is an outward fictitious force experienced by objects moving in a circular path, directed away from the center of rotation. Centrifugal force formula Centrifugal Force Formula refers as the mathematical relation which express the outward acting force on rotating body. It is generally written as … Read more
Principle of Automated Cell Counter Types of Automated Cell Counters 1. Impedance-Based Cell Counters – This type of counter works on Coulter Principle, where the change in electrical resistance is measured when each cell passes by a small aperture. The cell suspension is flowed by electrolyte, and as the cells interrupt the current, the pulses … Read more
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