Bacteriology
This course explores the structure, growth, and classification of bacteria, including key differences between Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and archaeal groups. It covers essential bacteriological techniques, microscopy, and methods of microbial control. Students will also study major bacterial groups and their ecological and economic significance.
What you'll learn
Detailed structure and organization of bacterial cells, including cell walls, membranes, and cytoplasmic components.
Key differences between Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and archaeal cell walls.
Mechanisms of bacterial staining, sporulation, and the impact of antibiotics on cell walls.
Techniques for isolating, cultivating, and preserving bacterial cultures.
Use and principles of various microscopes, including light and electron microscopy.
Bacterial nutritional requirements, growth phases, and methods of microbial control.
Course content
8 sections
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61 lectures
Cell Organization
12 lectures
Bacterial cell size, shape, and arrangement
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Composition and structure of Gram-positive cell walls
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Composition and structure of Gram-negative cell walls
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Endospore structure, formation, and stages of sporulation
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glycocalyx
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Bacterial Capsule – Definition, Functions, Composition, Types, Demonstration, and examples.
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Flagella – Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, Rotation, Examples
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Archaebacteria – Definition, Types, Characteristics, Structure, Examples
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Acid Fast Stain – Principle, Reagents, Procedure, Result
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – Structure, Functions
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Effect of Antibiotics on the Cell Wall
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Cell Membrane: Structure, function and chemical composition of bacterial and archaeal cell membranes.
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Cytoplasmic components
8 lectures
Ribosome – Types, Structure, Function, and Diagram
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Mesosomes – Definition, Functions
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Inclusion Bodies – Definition, Classification, Examples
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Nucleoid – Definition, Functions, Characteristics
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Chromosome – Definition, Function, Structure, Types
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Plasmids – Definition, Structure, Functions, Examples
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Endospore: Structure, formation, stages of sporulation
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Endospore Staining – Principle, Procedure, Result
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Bacteriological techniques
5 lectures
Streak Plate Method – Patterns, Procedure, Principle
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Pour Plate Method – Principle, Procedure, Objective, Result, Advantages
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Serial Dilution Method – Definition, Procedure, Application
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Cultivation of bacteria
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Techniques for cultivating anaerobic and non-culturable bacteria
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Microscopy
9 lectures
Bright Field Microscope – Definition, Parts, Working Principle, Application
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Dark Field Microscopy – Principle, Parts, Procedure, Uses
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Phase Contrast Microscopy: definition, parts, uses, working principle.
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Fluorescence Microscopy – Definition, Principle, Parts, Uses, Examples
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Confocal Microscope Principle, Uses, Parts, Advantages, and Disadvantages.
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Scanning Electron Microscope: Definition, Parts, Application, Principle, Advantages
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Transmission Electron Microscope – Definition, Parts, Working Principle, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages
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Difference Between Darkfield and bright Field Microscope
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Difference Between Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscope
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Growth and nutrition
9 lectures
Nutritional types of bacteria – Classification of bacteria based on Nutritional Requirement
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Culture media: Natural, synthetic, defined, selective, differential, and enrichment media
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Physical methods of microbial control: heat, low temperature, high pressure, filtration, desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation
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Chemical methods of microbial control: disinfectants, types and mode of action
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Culture Media Examples, Components and Primary Purpose
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Culture Media Preparation, Maintenance and Preservation
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Bacterial Culture Media Classification, Ingredients, Functions and Preparation.
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Methods of food preservation – Physical and Chemical Methods
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Microbial Control Methods
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Reproduction in Bacteria
6 lectures
Asexual methods of reproduction
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Bacterial Growth Curve – Definition, Phases, Calculations, Factors, Importance
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Bacterial Growth and Different Environmental Factors Affect Bacterial Growth
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Measurement of Bacterial Growth
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Bacterial Growth Curve Protocol
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Factor affecting bacterial growth
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Bacterial Systematics
5 lectures
Principles and aims of bacterial classification and taxonomy
Species concepts, strains, and taxa in bacteriology
Conventional, molecular, and polyphasic approaches to taxonomy
Evolutionary chronometers, rRNA sequencing, and protein sequence analysis
Differences between eubacteria and archaebacteria
Important archaeal and eubacterial groups
7 lectures
General characteristics and phylogenetic overview of archaebacteria
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Genera of Nanoarchaeota (e.g., Nanoarchaeum), Crenarchaeota (e.g., Sulfolobus), and Euryarchaeota (e.g., Methanobacterium, Halobacterium)
Gram-negative non-proteobacteria: Characteristics and examples
Proteobacteria subgroups: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta
Gram-positive Firmicutes (Low G+C) and Actinobacteria (High G+C)
Cyanobacteria – Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Functions, Examples
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Archaea – Habitat, Structure, Characteristics, Importance, Examples
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