6 min read 
Autoclaving is one method that uses steam to sterilize. Autoclave bags are utilized for sterilization at high temperatures to keep low-temperature plastics in the autoclave bags from sticking against the side of the sterilizer or obstructing the plumbing for the sterilizer’s vent. Autoclaves function by using a combination of pressure, steam, and time. They work … Read more
3 min read 
Density Gradient Centrifugation Density gradient centrifugation refers to an approach to separation between molecules, where the separation is determined by the density of the molecules when they travel through a gradient under the force of centrifugal. Principle of Density gradient centrifugation Density gradient centrifugation relies on the premise that molecules settle under the force of … Read more
34 min read 
What is Laminar flow hood/cabinet? Definition of Laminar flow Laminar flow refers to the smooth, uninterrupted flow of fluid, such as air or liquid, in parallel layers without any significant mixing or turbulence. Principle of Laminar flow hood The working principle of a laminar flow hood is based on creating a controlled airflow within the … Read more
40 min read 
What is transmission electron microscope? Parts of A Transmission Electron Microscope 1. Electron Gun Types of Electron Gun Used in Transmission Electron Microscope There are several types of electron guns that are used in transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), including: Overall, the type of electron gun used in a TEM depends on the specific requirements and … Read more
24 min read 
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that generates images by scanning the surface of a specimen with a concentrated beam of electrons. Electrons interact with atoms in the sample, generating signals that carry information about the sample’s surface topography and composition. The electron beam is scanned in a raster scan … Read more
45 min read 
What is phase contrast microscopy? A phase contrast microscopy converts slight differences in refractive index and cell density into easily detected variation in light intensity to observe living cells. This microscope is used for visualization of cell culture and live cells. Living cells can be observed without any staining. Unstained specimens have absorbed no light, … Read more
23 min read 
Confocal microscopy has various advantages over conventional optical microscopy, including a short depth of field, the elimination of out-of-focus glare, and the ability to collect optical slices serially from thick specimens. A prominent use of confocal microscopy in the biomedical sciences is the imaging of either fixed or live cells and tissues that have typically … Read more
39 min read 
Stereo microscopes, in contrast to compound light microscopes, often employ reflected illumination, or light reflected off an object’s surface, rather than transmitted (diascopic) illumination. When a specimen is too thick or opaque for compound microscopy, reflected light from the object enables for investigation. Unlike a compound microscope, transmitted illumination in most stereo microscopes is not … Read more
103 min read 
A microscope is a scientific instrument that is used to magnify the image of an object or sample in order to study its structure or features in detail. Microscopes are commonly used in scientific and medical research, as well as in education and other applications, to study small structures and organisms that are not visible … Read more
0 revisions 11 min read 
Ion exchange chromatography (IEC) is a chromatographic technique that allows for the separation of ions and polar molecules based on their charge. It utilizes a stationary phase composed of an insoluble matrix with covalently bonded charged groups. These charged groups can attract and bind ions of the opposite charge present in the mobile phase, which … Read more