In this article we will learn about Trademarks Objectives, Types, Rights, Protection of goodwill, Infringement, Passing off, Defences, Domain name. What is Trademark? Definition of Trademark A trademark is a unique word, symbol, phrase, or design used to identify and distinguish the goods or services of one business from those of others. It serves as … Read more
What is Intellectual Property Right? Definition of Intellectual Property Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions, artistic works, designs, symbols, and names, for which exclusive legal rights are granted to the creator or owner to use, sell, or license their creation. Definition of Intellectual Property Right Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) … Read more
What is cryo-EM? Principle of cryo EM Types of cryo EM Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) encompasses several specialized techniques, primarily divided into two main types: cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Each technique offers distinct advantages for studying biological specimens in their native, vitrified state. How does cryo EM work? – Protocol of … Read more
What is Freeze Fracture Technique? Principle of Freeze Fracture Technique The principle of the freeze-fracture technique is based on the physical separation of biological membranes at their hydrophobic core when the sample is frozen and then fractured. Here are the key aspects of this principle: Overall, the freeze-fracture technique provides valuable insights into the functional … Read more
Embarking on a journey into the fields of genetics and plant breeding requires a solid foundation of knowledge and resources. This article explores the top books that provide comprehensive insights into these dynamic disciplines. From foundational texts that cover fundamental genetic principles to specialized volumes focusing on advanced plant breeding techniques, this curated list offers … Read more
Polyploidy plays a pivotal role in plant breeding, especially in enhancing the genetic diversity and adaptability of crops. Polyploidy refers to the condition in which a plant has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, a state that naturally occurs due to irregularities in mitotic or meiotic divisions. These irregularities can lead to an increase … Read more
What is Distant Hybridization (Wide hybridization)? Definition of Distant Hybridization Distant hybridization, or wide hybridization, refers to the crossing of individuals from different species or genera that are more distantly related than varieties within the same species, aiming to introduce novel traits and increase genetic diversity. History of Distant Hybridization Objectives of Distant Hybridization Barriers … Read more
Mutations play a significant role in crop improvement by introducing genetic variability, which can be harnessed to develop new and improved crop varieties. A mutation is defined as a sudden and heritable change in an organism’s characteristics. This definition implies that the change must be inheritable, though it does not specify the genetic mechanisms underlying … Read more
What is Heterosis? Heterosis, commonly known as hybrid vigor, refers to the phenomenon where the offspring of two genetically different parents exhibit greater vigor, growth, yield, or other desirable traits than either of the parent strains. This increased performance in hybrids is a key concept in plant breeding and agriculture. Here’s a closer look at … Read more
What is Dominance Hypotheses? The Dominance Hypothesis refers to a concept in plant breeding and genetics that deals with the expression of traits in offspring based on the dominance of alleles. It essentially posits that in a heterozygous state, one allele (the dominant allele) can mask the expression of another allele (the recessive allele). Here’s … Read more
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