What is Paper Chromatography? Types of Paper chromatography 1. Ascending paper chromatography – In this type the solvent is placed at bottom of paper and it is allowed to climb up by capillary action, the components are separated as they move upward. 2. Descending paper chromatography – In this variation the solvent moves downwards (by … Read more

What is Gamma-ray Spectroscopy? Gamma-ray spectroscopy can define as a analytical technique which is used for identifying and quantifying the gamma radiation emitted by radioactive materials. It deals with measurement of energy and intensity of γ-rays coming from atomic nucleus. In this method, the emission of gamma (γ) photons from unstable nuclei is measured to … Read more

What is X-Ray Spectroscopy? History of X-ray spectroscopy X Ray Spectroscopy Principle – Principle of x ray spectroscopy How X-ray spectroscopy works Instrumentation of X-Ray Spectroscopy 1. X–ray Source – It is mainly used for production of X–rays. Usually a X–ray tube or sometimes a synchrotron is used. In the tube, high energy electrons are accelerated … Read more

What is Gel Filtration Chromatography? Principle of Gel Filtration Chromatography – Gel Filtration chromatography principle The principle of Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC) can define as separation of molecules mainly depending by their molecular size / shape when passed by a porous gel medium. The stationary phase used is made of porous beads (like dextran, agarose … Read more

What is Gel Permeation Chromatography? Gel Permeation Chromatography Principle Instrumentation of Gel Permeation Chromatography 1. Stationary Phase –It composed of semi-permeable and porous polymer gel beads having defined pore size ranges. The stationary phase must be chemically inert and mechanically strong so it not collapse under pressure. A uniform particle and pore size is desired … Read more

What is Centrifugal force? Definition of Centrifugal force Centrifugal force is an outward fictitious force experienced by objects moving in a circular path, directed away from the center of rotation. Centrifugal force formula Centrifugal Force Formula refers as the mathematical relation which express the outward acting force on rotating body. It is generally written as … Read more

Principle of Automated Cell Counter Types of Automated Cell Counters 1. Impedance-Based Cell Counters – This type of counter works on Coulter Principle, where the change in electrical resistance is measured when each cell passes by a small aperture. The cell suspension is flowed by electrolyte, and as the cells interrupt the current, the pulses … Read more

Principle of Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis Materials Required for Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis Steps / Procedure of Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis Cellulose Acetate as Electrophoretic Support Matrix Application of Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis Advantages of Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis Limitation of Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis Comparisons with Gel or Capillary Electrophoresis FAQ on Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis

What is a Compound Microscope? 3D Model of Compound Microscope Working Principle of Compound Microscope Magnification Power of Compound Microscope The magnification power of compound microscope refers to ratio of size of final image to size of object seen by naked eye. It is obtained by multiplying magnification of objective lens and magnification of eyepiece … Read more

What is Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)? Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is a method used for separation of very large DNA fragments by applying an electric field that periodically changes direction / switches among different electrodes, so that DNA pieces of differing sizes are reoriented and separated. (The technique allows resolution of DNA up to … Read more