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Northern Blotting – Steps, Principle, Application, Result

Northern Blot Protocol, Principle, Application, Result

Northern blotting or Northern hybridization is a widely used technique in molecular biology to determine the molecular weight of mRNA and to measure relative amounts of mRNA present in different samples and for identifying alternatively spliced transcripts and multigene family members.

Cell Membrane Staining – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Cell Membrane Staining

Cell membrane staining is the process in which the plasma membrane of a cell is visualized with the help of dyes or fluorescent probes. It is the thin outer covering of the cell, and it is normally transparent, so it cannot be seen clearly under a simple light microscope. It is the process where special … Read more

Giemsa Stain- Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

Procedure of Giemsa staining

Giemsa stain is a polychromatic nucleic acid stain that is used mainly for demonstrating different blood cells and parasites in stained blood films. It is named after the German chemist Gustav Giemsa. It belongs to a group of stains known as Romanowsky stains. These are neutral stains made from a mixture of oxidized methylene blue, … Read more

Iron-Hematoxylin Staining – Principle, Procedure, Uses

Iron-Hematoxylin Staining

Hematoxylin is extracted from a leguminous plant, known as Haematoxylon campechianum, thus it is a natural dye. It forms hematein by oxidation (Ripening).

Parasporal Crystal Stain – Principle, Procedure, Result

Parasporal Crystal Stain

Production of parasporal crystals is a unique ability (among Bacillus species) of Bacillus thuringiensis. This stain is a means of rapid identification of the species.

Western Blot – Steps, Principle, Result, Applications

Western Blotting Experiment

In molecular biology Western blotting is a rapid and sensitive assay for detection and characterization of proteins. This technique exploits the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody interaction to identify specific antigens by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.

Widal Test – Principle, Procedure, Result, Advantages, Limitation

Widal Test Principle, Procedure, Result, Advantages, Limitation

The Widal test is an agglutination test that determines any antibodies present in the patient’s serum that are generated against the causal agents of the enteric febrile illness (Salmonella Typhi, and Salmonella paratyphi B, A as well as C).

Counter Current Immunoelectrophoresis – Principle, Procedure, Result.

Counter Current Immunoelectrophoresis

Counter current immunoelectrophoresis is a modification of immunoelectrophoresis in which antigen and antibody migrate towards opposite directions and form a visible white precipitate in the area between the wells. 

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis – Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis (RIEP) also known as electro-immuno diffusion is a simple, quick and reproducible method for determining the concentration of antigen (Ag) in an unknown sample. 

Coagulase Test – Principle, Procedure, Application, Result.

Coagulase Test Principle, Procedure, Application, Result.

It is a type of biochemical test, which is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci. S.aureus produces two forms of coagulase (i.e., bound coagulase and free coagulase).

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