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IMViC Test – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses, Examples

Operating Procedure of Fluorescence spectroscopy

What is IMViC test? The IMViC test is a group of biochemical tests which is used for the identification and differentiation of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is mainly used to distinguish fecal coliform bacteria from non-fecal coliform bacteria. The term IMViC is an acronym which stands for Indole, Methyl Red, Voges–Proskauer and … Read more

Simmons Citrate Agar – Principle, Composition, Procedure, Result, uses

Simmons citrate agar test

Simmons Citrate Agar is a chemically defined medium in which sodium citrate act as the only carbon source and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate act as the only nitrogen source. It is the medium developed as a modification of Koser’s citrate medium and it is used mainly to differentiate members of Enterobacteriaceae. It is the process in … Read more

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test – Purpose, Principle, Procedure, Result.

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test Purpose, Principle, Procedure, Result.

The gelatin proteins derived from the animal connective tissue, collagen. Gelatin is produced when collagen is boiled in water. A gelatin hydrolysis test is used to detects the presence of gelatinases. Gelatinases are extracellularly secreted by some bacteria which hydrolyze or digest gelatin.

Reverse CAMP test – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Reverse CAMP test

In this method, the Group B Streptococcus (CAMP test positive) is streaked in the center of sheep blood agar, and Clostridium perfringens is streaked perpendicular to it.

Tollens’ Test – Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application

Tollens’ Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.

It is a type of biochemical test which is used to distinguish reducing sugars from non-reducing sugars. This biochemical test is also known as the silver mirror test based on the end product of this test. This test was also used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones through routine qualitative organic analysis.

Oxidase Test – Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application

Oxidase Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application

The oxidase test is a biochemical reaction that assays for the presence of cytochrome oxidase, an enzyme sometimes called indophenol oxidase. In the presence of an organism that contains the cytochrome oxidase enzyme, the reduced colorless reagent becomes an oxidized colored product .

Northern Blotting – Steps, Principle, Application, Result

Northern Blot Protocol, Principle, Application, Result

Northern blotting or Northern hybridization is a widely used technique in molecular biology to determine the molecular weight of mRNA and to measure relative amounts of mRNA present in different samples and for identifying alternatively spliced transcripts and multigene family members.

Cell Membrane Staining – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Cell Membrane Staining

Cell membrane staining is the process in which the plasma membrane of a cell is visualized with the help of dyes or fluorescent probes. It is the thin outer covering of the cell, and it is normally transparent, so it cannot be seen clearly under a simple light microscope. It is the process where special … Read more

Giemsa Stain- Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

Procedure of Giemsa staining

Giemsa stain is a polychromatic nucleic acid stain that is used mainly for demonstrating different blood cells and parasites in stained blood films. It is named after the German chemist Gustav Giemsa. It belongs to a group of stains known as Romanowsky stains. These are neutral stains made from a mixture of oxidized methylene blue, … Read more

Iron-Hematoxylin Staining – Principle, Procedure, Uses

Iron-Hematoxylin Staining

Hematoxylin is extracted from a leguminous plant, known as Haematoxylon campechianum, thus it is a natural dye. It forms hematein by oxidation (Ripening).

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