Iron-Hematoxylin Staining – Principle, Procedure, Uses
Hematoxylin is extracted from a leguminous plant, known as Haematoxylon campechianum, thus it is a natural dye. It forms hematein by oxidation (Ripening).
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Acridine Orange Staining – Principle, Procedure, Uses
Acridine Orange contains metachromatic properties, that’s why it is employed in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry study of cellular physiology and cell cycle state, including the fluorescent microscopic examination of microorganisms.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Definition, Steps, Principle, Application
Polymerase chain reaction or PCR is a laboratory technique that is used to make multiple copies (millions or billions!) of a specific region of DNA in vitro (in a test tube rather than an organism).
Real-Time PCR (qPCR) – Definition, Principle, Protocol, Application, Advantages
A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) is a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based laboratory technique used in molecular biology for real-time monitoring of the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR, not at its end, as the conventional PCR do.
Western Blot – Steps, Principle, Result, Applications
In molecular biology Western blotting is a rapid and sensitive assay for detection and characterization of proteins. This technique exploits the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody interaction to identify specific antigens by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.
Counter Current Immunoelectrophoresis – Principle, Procedure, Result.
Counter current immunoelectrophoresis is a modification of immunoelectrophoresis in which antigen and antibody migrate towards opposite directions and form a visible white precipitate in the area between the wells.
Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis – Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application
Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis (RIEP) also known as electro-immuno diffusion is a simple, quick and reproducible method for determining the concentration of antigen (Ag) in an unknown sample.
Coagulase Test – Principle, Procedure, Application, Result.
It is a type of biochemical test, which is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci. S.aureus produces two forms of coagulase (i.e., bound coagulase and free coagulase).
Spread Plate Method – Procedure, Principle, Purpose, Result.
Spread Plate Method in microbiology The spread plate method is used to isolate individual colonies from a diluted sample of mix population. Different methods have been developed for the isolation of microorganisms from a mixture sample but among them Spread plate culture method is the most widely used technique in laboratory. An ideal spread plate … Read more
Pour Plate Method – Principle, Procedure, Objective, Result, Advantages
The pour Plate Method technique was created in the laboratory by Robert Koch and is still widely used in the laboratory since his time. This technique is appropriate for Microaerophilic, facultative, or anaerobic microorganisms. It is straightforward to use, requires fewer resources, and is simple and cost-effective. However, it requires the specimen to be placed … Read more