13 min read 
What is Cation Exchange Chromatography? Cation Exchange Chromatography Principles The principles of cation exchange chromatography are based on the net surface charge of proteins and the concept of isoelectric point (pI). The net surface charge of a protein can change with the pH of the surrounding environment. The pI of a protein refers to the … Read more
12 min read 
What is Sandwich ELISA? Sandwich ELISA Principle The principle of sandwich ELISA involves the detection of antigens using a combination of specific antibodies. The test begins by coating and immobilizing a known antibody onto the wells of a microtiter plate. This immobilized antibody serves as the capture antibody, which will bind to the antigen of … Read more
25 min read 
What is Direct ELISA? Principle of Direct ELISA The principle of direct ELISA revolves around the specific binding interaction between an antigen and its corresponding antibody. In this type of ELISA, the antigen of interest is adsorbed or immobilized onto the surface of a plastic plate, typically a microtiter plate with multiple wells. To minimize … Read more
24 min read 
What is Competitive ELISA? Principle of Competitive ELISA The principle of competitive ELISA is based on the competitive binding process that occurs between two specific antibodies and an antigen of interest. In this assay, two antibodies are utilized: one is conjugated with an enzyme, and the other is present in the test serum (if the … Read more
25 min read 
What is Radioimmunoassay (RIA)? Dfinition of Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a highly sensitive laboratory technique that uses radioisotopes to detect and measure the concentration of antigens or antibodies in a sample. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Principle The principle of radioimmunoassay (RIA) is based on competitive binding, specificity, and sensitivity. In RIA, a radioactive antigen, also known as … Read more
15 min read 
To determine the presence or absence of antigens or antibodies in a patient, many tests have been developed that use the interaction of antibodies and antigens. These tests require specificity and sensitivity. Specificity refers to the property of only binding to one antigen. Sensitivity means that the antibody can recognize and bind the antigen.
20 min read 
Cooked Meat Medium was originally developed by Robertson to cultivate specific anaerobes isolated from wounds.
The current formulation is a modified version, sometimes referred to by the name of Chopped Meat Medium, which allows for the growth of a variety of spores and non-spore-forming strict anaerobes.
30 min read 
Nutrient agar is an essential culture medium that is commonly used for the cultivation of non-fastidious microorganisms. It can also be used to ensure quality control and quality prior to serological or biochemical tests.
21 min read 
A viral transport medium (VTM) is an essential nutrient that is used to transport and sustain the viability of samples (viruses) to an laboratory for analysis and identification of the specimen.
7 min read 
Moeller introduced the decarboxylase media to detect the ability of bacteria to decarboxylate amino acid. They were used for the first time to detect lysine, ornithine, and arginine decarboxylases among Enterobacteriaceae bacteria.