6 min read 
Papanicolaou stain can also be referred to as the pap stain, and the process that causes the stain is referred to as a pap smear.
3 min read 
Bacterial cells contain nuclear material, made of single-stranded circular DNA, in contrast to eukaryotes. This genetic material is present within the membrane-bounded structure known as the nucleus. In case of prokaryotes the nuclear material is present within the nucleoid which lacks the nuclear membrane and does not follow the mitosis or miosis cell division. Some … Read more
2 min read 
Aim To distinguish between living and dead cells. Principle The viability Staining Method mainly used to detect living and dead cells in culture. This method is based on the fact that, certain changes take place in dead cells which result in these cells giving a different reaction to stains from that of living cells. Requirement … Read more
3 min read 
Flow cytometry is a fast and stable method for the quantification of viable cells. Determining cell viability is a significant step when assessing a cell’s reply to medication or other environmental agents. It is additionally essential to recognize dead cells in a cell suspension in order to eliminate them from the study. Dead cells can … Read more
2 min read 
Fungi are eukaryotic and contain well-organized nuclei. The fungal nucleus is membrane bound and consist of two membranes of characteristic pores, a nucleolus and chromatin strand that becomes organized into chromosome during nuclear division. The fungal nuclei are extremely minute, therefore study with the light microscope is very difficult. The cells of fungal hypae are … Read more
5 min read 
The composition of cell wall varies from species to species, it has been reported that the main constituents of cell wall is chitin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. In addition, prokaryotic cell wall contains peptidoglycan (also known as murein and mucopeptide). Peptidoglycan is mainly composed of sugar, amino acids (peptide; amino acids + glycan; sugar).
3 min read 
The cell membrane is a biological membrane which also termed a plasma membrane (PM) or cytoplasmic membrane. It divides the interior of the cell from the outside environment, thus protects the cell from environmental stress. The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer, contains cholesterols between phospholipids which maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. The membrane … Read more
7 min read 
Collagen Hybridizing Peptide stain is a vital stain used for the detection of collagen degraded tissues, mainly used in Developmental Biology, Histology, and Histopathology.
11 min read 
Hematoxylin is extracted from a leguminous plant, known as Haematoxylon campechianum, thus it is a natural dye. It forms hematein by oxidation (Ripening).
3 min read 
Acridine Orange contains metachromatic properties, that’s why it is employed in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry study of cellular physiology and cell cycle state, including the fluorescent microscopic examination of microorganisms.