Sourav Pan is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree and an M.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of Calcutta. He creates educational resources covering microbiology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, cell biology, botany, zoology, and other life-science subjects.
His goal is to make complex biological concepts easier to understand through well-structured, student-friendly articles based on academic textbooks, peer-reviewed research, and authoritative scientific sources. In addition to writing new content, he regularly reviews and updates articles to improve their accuracy, clarity, and educational value.
The Widal test is an agglutination test that determines any antibodies present in the patient’s serum that are generated against the causal agents of the enteric febrile illness (Salmonella Typhi, and Salmonella paratyphi B, A as well as C).
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) can be described as a commonly used test used to detect non-specific signs of inflammation result of infection cancers, or certain autoimmune disorders. It is defined as the rate that Red Blood Cells (RBCs) accumulate over an hour.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (M.I.C.) of antimicrobial drugs against bacteria and the detection of resistance mechanisms can be found with the help of a MIC Test Strip, a quantitative assay.
The Lactophenol Cotton Blue solution stains the chitinous cell wall of the fungal cell, which makes them different from the surrounding environments and can easily distinguishable. LCB is made of three main components such as Phenol, Lactic acid, and Cotton blue.
Chlamydomonas are single-celled green flagellates while Volvox is a part of colonial phytoflagellate that develops a hollow spheroid with several thousand cells enclosed in its mucilaginous wall.
can be described as an test of immunoprecipitation (immunodiffusion) test that determines what specific strain of Corynebacterium Diphtheriae is toxic.
The microbial content of the outer atmosphere is changing with the season, it contains various pollen, algae, mosses, grains, spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and viruses.
Pipetting Definition Pipetting is the process of using a pipettor to measure and dispense small volumes of liquid. It is a fundamental technique used in many laboratory procedures, including preparing solutions, dispensing samples for analysis, and performing various types of assays. When pipetting, the user first sets the desired volume on the pipettor by adjusting … Read more