Sourav Pan - Biology Notes Online

Western Blot – Steps, Principle, Result, Applications

Western Blotting Experiment

In molecular biology Western blotting is a rapid and sensitive assay for detection and characterization of proteins. This technique exploits the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody interaction to identify specific antigens by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.

Brucella – Habitat, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Treatment

Brucella - Habitat, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Treatment

What is Brucella? Scientific classification of Brucella Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Pseudomonadota Class: Alphaproteobacteria Order: Hyphomicrobiales Family: Brucellaceae Genus: BrucellaMeyer and Shaw 1920 (Approved Lists 1980) Characteristics of Brucella Geographical Distribution of Brucellosis Habitat of Brucella Classification of Brucella Species: The genus Brucella comprises both classical and novel species, with some formerly classified under the genus … Read more

Staphylococcus aureus – Habitat, Morphology, Characteristics, Infection

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram‑positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium, usually found in clusters that resemble grapes and typically 0.5–1µm in diameter. Harbor, as a commensal organism, in the human nasal passages, skin, and mucous membranes of 20–30% of people without causing disease It is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a wide range of infections—from simple … Read more

Microbial degradation of Pectin – Enzymes, Steps, Mechanisms

Microbial degradation of Pectin - Enzymes, Steps, Mechanisms

Pectin is a complicated polysaccharide that is mostly found in the cell walls of plants, notably fruits. It is a structural heteropolysaccharide made up mostly of units of galacturonic acid. Pectin is a glue that holds plant cells together, making the plant tissue strong and stable. In the culinary sector, it is often used as … Read more

Biosafety levels (BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3 and BSL-4) – Primary and Secondary Barriers, Agents

Biosafety levels With their Primary and Secondary Barriers.

A biosafety level (BSL) refers to a specific set of biocontainment measures designed to isolate hazardous biological agents within a controlled laboratory environment. This document outlines the necessary protective measures required in a laboratory environment to safeguard employees, the ecosystem, and the community from infectious agents. Historical Overview The classification of four levels of biosafety … Read more

Southern Blot vs Western Blot

Southern Blot vs Western Blot

What is Southern Blot? What is Western Blot? Southern Blot vs Western Blot Here is a detailed comparison between Southern blotting and Western blotting: Feature Southern Blotting Western Blotting Target Molecule DNA Protein Purpose Detection of specific DNA sequences within a complex DNA sample Detection and analysis of specific proteins in a sample Developed By … Read more

Three-domain system – Carl Woese’s Classification

Carl Woese’s Classification - Three Domain Classification

All living organisms are grouped into three major categories under the three-domain system, a modern way to classify life based on genetic and evolutionary relationships. Proposed by microbiologist Carl Woese in the 1990s, this system splits life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria are the familiar single-celled microbes found everywhere, from soil to our bodies, lacking a cell … Read more

Biodiversity Hotspots – Definition, Criteria, Importance, Examples

Biodiversity Hotspots - Definition, Criteria, Importance, Examples

Biodiversity hotspots are regions packed with an extraordinary variety of plant and animal life found nowhere else on Earth—but they’re also in serious trouble. To qualify as a hotspot, an area must have at least 1,500 unique plant species and have already lost over 70% of its original natural habitat due to human activities like … Read more

Funaria – Structure, Characteristics, Reproduction

Funaria - Structure, Characteristics, Reproduction

Funaria is a moss you’ll often find thriving in damp, shady areas like forest floors or along stream banks. Unlike typical plants, it lacks true roots, stems, or leaves, absorbing water and nutrients directly through its surface. If you take a closer look, you’ll spot its vibrant green tufts topped with tiny, capsule-like structures—these hold … Read more

Chlamydomonas – Life Cycle, Habitat, Structure, Examples

Chlamydomonas Cell Structure

Chlamydomonas is a tiny, single-celled green algae you’d likely find in ponds, soil, or even damp tree bark. Imagine a microscopic organism shaped like a oval, sporting two whip-like tails called flagella that let it zip through water. What’s cool about it? Despite its simplicity, it’s a powerhouse in science. Researchers love studying it because … Read more

Ad Blocker Detected
We've detected that you're using an ad blocker. Some content may not display properly.
Why are you seeing this? Ad blockers can prevent certain content and features from loading correctly on our website.

To continue with the best experience:

  • Disable your ad blocker for this website
  • Add this site to your ad blocker's whitelist
  • Refresh the page after making changes