How does HIV affect the immune system, and what are the primary methods of transmission?
IB Biology
What did Florey and Chain’s experiments on penicillin reveal about its effectiveness against bacterial infections?
What did Florey and Chain’s experiments on penicillin reveal about its effectiveness against bacterial infections?
What are the causes and possible consequences of blood clot formation in the coronary arteries?
What are the causes and possible consequences of blood clot formation in the coronary arteries?
How have some strains of bacteria evolved to resist antibiotics, and what is the impact of multiple antibiotic resistance?
How have some strains of bacteria evolved to resist antibiotics, and what is the impact of multiple antibiotic resistance?
Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses?
Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses?
Why do antibiotics target prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?
Why do antibiotics target prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?
How does the production of antibodies by lymphocytes contribute to specific immunity?
How does the production of antibodies by lymphocytes contribute to specific immunity?
How does ingestion of pathogens by phagocytic white blood cells provide non-specific immunity?
How does ingestion of pathogens by phagocytic white blood cells provide non-specific immunity?
What is the clotting cascade, and how does it lead to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin?
What is the clotting cascade, and how does it lead to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin?
How do platelets contribute to the blood clotting process?
How do platelets contribute to the blood clotting process?