What is Nondisjunction? Types of Nondisjunction Causes of Nondisjunction Molecular Biology of Nondisjunction Consequences of Nondisjunction The nondisjunction is the failure when chromosomes don’t separate properly during cell division (like meiosis/mitosis), causing abnormal number of chromosomes in daughter cells. Such imbalance is termed as aneuploidy, sometimes loss of one (monosomy 2n–1) or gain of one … Read more
What is cleavage? Characteristics of cleavage Step by step process of Cleavage Types of cleavages The cleavage pattern in embryos mainly determined by yolk quantity and how that yolk is distributed by the cytoplasm.Also, timing and direction of mitotic spindle (inside egg) play important role. Yolk usually slow / restrict the process of complete division. … Read more
Membrane Filter Technique can define as a physical separation process, which based mainly on size / molecular weight of particles in a liquid or gas stream. In this method a thin semi-permeable membrane (often made from cellulose nitrate/acetate) is used, and pressure is applied to push the feed solution by it. The smaller components pass … Read more
What are plasmids? Copy Number and Physical Nature of Plasmids Properties of Plasmids Plasmid Replication Mechanism 1. Rolling circle Mode of Replication Rolling-Circle Replication (RCR) is described as a method of DNA replication that is used by some viruses, plasmids and circular genetic elements. A single-strand nick is introduced at the origin and the 5′-end … Read more
Microorganisms are everywhere in their the distribution. In any given environment, many microorganisms are present at any given time. It is difficult to identify a specific kind of microbe until we understand their ecological needs. For instance, anaerobic microbes do not require oxygen those that are aerobic require oxygen micro-aerophiles to have oxygen however, in a small amount. So, we require cotton plugs to provide an conditions that are aerobic and keep the growing culture uninvolved with unwanted microbes. Cotton plugs are made of cotton along with air pours. Air can flow through air pours, but not the bacteria that cause microbial contamination. They are fixed to the surface of cotton fibres , and prevent them from being able from getting into flasks, tubes, etc. Air aids in for the development of microorganisms within glass equipment.
Definition of Stage Micrometer A stage micrometer is a calibrated slide with a ruled scale used to calibrate microscopes and measure the size of objects under a microscope. Principle of Stage micrometer Parts of Stage micrometer Types of Stage Micrometer A. Based on Scale Design / Measurement Function B. Based on Physical Construction/ Traceability C. … Read more
Method of Calibrating a Microscope Importance of Microscope Calibration FAQ
Definition of Vortex Mixer A vortex mixer is a laboratory device that uses rapid circular oscillations to create a swirling motion, or vortex, in small volumes of liquid samples for efficient mixing and blending. Principle of Vortex Mixer Parts of Vortex Mixer Operating Procedure of Vortex Mixer To operate a vortex mixer, follow these steps: … Read more
Homogenizer Definition A homogenizer is a device used to mix, emulsify, and evenly distribute particles in liquids, creating a uniform and homogeneous mixture. Principle of Homogenizer Parts of Homogenizer 1. Homogenizing Valve – It is the main part where actual homogenization occur, the liquid is forced by a very small gap creating high velocity & … Read more
Definition of Incinerator An incinerator is a specialized furnace designed for burning potentially dangerous materials in a controlled manner, typically at high temperatures, to eliminate pollutants and safely dispose of waste. Working principle of Incinerator Operating procedure of Incinerator Parts of Incinerator Primary Chamber – It is the main combustion chamber where the waste materials … Read more
