3 min read 
Pyruvate Broth Test Purpose Pyruvate Broth Test Principle Requirement Pyruvate Broth Composition Pancreatic digest of casein (10 gm/L) sodium pyruvate (10 gm/L) yeast extract (5 gm/L) NaCl (5 gm/L) dipotassium Phosphate K2HPO4 (5 gm/L) bromothymol blue (0.04 gm/L) pH 7.3 +/- 0.2 at 25ºC. Pyruvate Broth Test Procedure Expected Results of Pyruvate Broth Test Quality … Read more
6 min read 
o-Nitrophenyl-b-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) Test Overview ONPG Test Purpose ONPG Test Principle Requirements for ONPG Test ONPG broth Composition Ingredients Gms / Litre Casitose (Equivalent to Casein Peptone) 7.500 O-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 1.500 Disodium hydrogen phosphate 0.350 Sodium chloride 3.750 Final pH ( at 25°C) 7.5±0.2 ONPG Test Procedure ONPG broth method ONPG disk method Discs made of ONPG-impregnated … Read more
8 min read 
Purpose of OF Test Principle of OF Test Hugh and Leifson’s OF basal medium Composition of Hugh and Leifson’s OF basal medium Ingredients g/l Peptone (tryptone) 2.0 g Sodium chloride 5.0 g Glucose (or other carbohydrate) 10.0 g Bromthymol blue 0.03 g Agar 3.0 g Dipotassium phosphate 0.30 g Preparation Procedure of OF (Oxidation-Fermentation) Test … Read more
6 min read 
The novobiocin (antibiotic) differentiation disc can be used in the Novobiocin Susceptibility Test to help make a preliminary distinction between Staphylococcus saprophyticus and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in clinical (urinary) specimens.
7 min read 
Purpose Principle of MUG Test Requirements Quality control of MUG Test Using the following quality control organisms, all lot numbers of MUG Disk have been tested and found to be good. Control organisms should be tested using quality control methods that have already been set up in the lab. If there are problems with quality … Read more
6 min read 
Some bacteria make substances that other bacteria need to grow. The X factor and the V factor are two such substances. The heat-stable X-factor can be protoporphyrin IX, hemin, or other iron-containing porphyrins. It can be found in red blood cells and outside of them in the blood. The heat-sensitive V-factor may be nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), and it is mostly found inside red blood cells. The X and V factor test or a disc test can be used to find out if a bacterium depends on its X factor or its V factor. The results can help identify the bacteria.
5 min read 
Hopkin’s Cole/Adamkiewicz–Hopkins Test Definition Hopkins Cole Test also referred to as glyoxylic Acid Reaction is among the qualitative testing methods for determining the differences between different types of amino acids and proteins. The test is used to determine the presence of tryptophan, an amino acid, in proteins. Objectives of Hopkin’s Cole Test Principle of Hopkin’s … Read more
11 min read 
Starch Hydrolysis Test Objective Starch Hydrolysis test principle Starch is a polysaccharide that is composed by glucose subunits. The glucose rings may be joined by a 1,4-glucosidic glucosidic link, which results in long, straight chain of glucose. (“1, 4” is a reference to the bond formed between number 1 carbon in one glucose molecule, and … Read more
13 min read 
Decarboxylase Test Medium base is used to distinguish bacteria based on their ability to decarboxylate amino acids.
7 min read 
Lysine decarboxylase test relies on the capability of certain bacteria to degrade L-lysine into caverine after the release of carbon dioxide.