Objectives of BOD Test Principle of BOD Test Under alkaline circumstances (by adding Alkaline-iodide-azide), manganese sulphate precipitates manganese hydroxide as a white precipitate. This combines with the sample’s dissolved oxygen to generate a brown precipitation. On an acidic environment, manganese changes to its divalent form and releases iodine. This released iodine is titrated using starch … Read more
After wastewater treatment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is used to determine the amount of contamination in the water. The higher value of chemical oxygen demand implies that the water sample has a greater amount of organic pollutants. The COD test measures only substances that can be chemically digested. The determination of COD requires less … Read more
What is a Glucose Tolerance Test? A glucose tolerance test is a test that is used to diagnose diabetes or prediabetes. It involves measuring the body’s ability to process glucose, a type of sugar that is the main source of energy for the body. During the test, a person will drink a solution containing a … Read more
Human pathogenic bacteria transmitted via the fecal-oral route, i.e., primarily intestinal pathogens, constitute one component of drinkable water quality analysis. Screening water for faecal contamination by testing for the presence of an indicator microbe is more practicable than doing thorough routine examinations for the presence of every type of disease. If you want to know … Read more
The bulk of plasma proteins are composed of big particles, making it difficult for them to pass through the glomeruli of the kidney. However, kidney tubules filter out and reabsorb smaller protein particles back into the blood. There are traces of proteins such as Tamm-Horsfall protein, hormones, mucopolysaccharides, albumin, enzymes, and immunoglobulins in normal urine. … Read more
The majority of plasma proteins are too big to pass through the kidney’s glomeruli. The limited quantity of protein that does filter through is often reabsorbed by the renal tubules back into the blood. Normal urine contains only trace levels of protein (less than 150 mg per 24 hours). Tamm-horsfall protein (up to 40%), albumin … Read more
What is Pauly’s Test? Purposes of Pauly’s Test Principle of Pauly’s Test The presence of tyrosine and histidine can be determined with this test with high sensitivity. Sulphanilic acid is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and used as the reagent in this test. When being exposed to sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid, sulphanilic acid forms a … Read more
Many bacteria produce a group of enzymes known as beta-lactamases that are mediated through genes in plasmids or the chromosomes. Beta-lactamase can be a constant process or it may be triggered through contact with antimicrobials. Beta-lactamases hydrolyze (and consequently inhibit) the beta-lactam ring of many Cephalosporins as well as penicillins. Beta-Lactamase Test is a rapid test to determine the presence of beta-lactamase , an enzyme that is produced by the strains from Staphylococcus aureus Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Branhamella catarrhalis as well as Haemophilus influenzae.
Principle of PYR Test Purpose of PYR Test Procedure of PYR Test The PYR examination is accessible in many versions. The original PYR test took 16 to 20 hours, but a 4-hour broth assay is now available, as reported in this post. Other forms include quick (10-15 minute) assays in which organisms to be evaluated … Read more
What is Urease Test? Purpose of Urease Test Principle of Urease Test (NH2)2CO + H2O → CO2 + 2NH3 Media Used for Urease Test Two types of media are typically employed to detect urease activity. Christensen’s urea agar is employed to identify urease activity in numerous bacteria. Stuart’s urea broth is largely used to distinguish … Read more
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